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The purpose of this analysis is to explore the distribution, intensity, and depth of earthquakes across different countries in select regions using real-world data. This analysis aims to uncover regional patterns, identify high-risk zones, and visualize the relationship between magnitude and depth, supporting better understanding of seismic behavior.

This is a structured sample dataset modeled after global earthquake data, used for learning and skill demonstration.

# Load all necessary packages
library(tidyverse)

# Import and name dataset
earthquakes <- read_csv("earthquakes_sample_dataset.csv")
glimpse(earthquakes)


# Group into regions

# Define a function to categorize countries into regions
categorize_region <- function(country) {
  if (country %in% c("California", "Mexico", "Chile", "Peru")) {
    return("Americas")
  } else if (country %in% c("Japan", "Indonesia", "China", "Nepal")) {
    return("Asia")
  } else if (country %in% c("Italy", "Greece", "Turkey")) {
    return("Europe")
  } else if (country %in% c("New Zealand", "Australia")) {
    return("Oceania")
  } else {
    return("Middle East")
  }
}

# Apply the function to create a new column 'Region'
earthquakes <- earthquakes %>%
  mutate(Region = lapply(Country, categorize_region)) %>%
	arrange(desc(Magnitude))

earthquakes

From the restructured table above, the country with the lowest magnitude (4) is Turkey and it took place on August 8, 2021.

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# Filter for regions with the highest magnitudes
major_quakes <- earthquakes %>%
  filter(Magnitude >= 6) %>%
	arrange(desc(Magnitude))

major_quakes

From the Major Earthquakes table above, Japan and New Zealand have the highest earthquake magnitudes (8.9) which occurred at a 7-year interval (January 6, 2010 and June 6, 2003 respectively) with the most recent being Japan.

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# Average Earthquakes by region
earthquakes %>%
group_by(Region) %>%
summarise(avg_magnitude = mean(Magnitude)) %>%
arrange(desc(avg_magnitude))

From the average magnitude table above, the region with the most high-magnitude events is Oceania (6.975).

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# Number of Earthquakes per Country (Visualization)
earthquakes %>%
count(Country) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = reorder(Country, -n), y = n)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "steelblue") +
labs(title = "Earthquakes Per Country", x = "Country", y = "Count") +
theme_minimal()
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From the Bar chart above, California has the highest number of earthquake occurences (16) and Nepal has the lowest occurences (4).
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# Magnitude Versus Depth
ggplot(earthquakes, aes(x = Depth_km, y = Magnitude)) +
geom_point(aes(color = Country), alpha = 0.6) +
labs(title = "Magnitude vs Depth", x = "Depth(km)", y = "Magnitude") +
theme_grey()

From the scatter plot above, it can be said that the magnitude of an earthquake plays a minimal role in its depth determination.