You're working as a sports journalist at a major online sports media company, specializing in soccer analysis and reporting. You've been watching both men's and women's international soccer matches for a number of years, and your gut instinct tells you that more goals are scored in women's international football matches than men's. This would make an interesting investigative article that your subscribers are bound to love, but you'll need to perform a valid statistical hypothesis test to be sure!
While scoping this project, you acknowledge that the sport has changed a lot over the years, and performances likely vary a lot depending on the tournament, so you decide to limit the data used in the analysis to only official FIFA World Cup matches (not including qualifiers) since 2002-01-01.
You create two datasets containing the results of every official men's and women's international football match since the 19th century, which you scraped from a reliable online source. This data is stored in two CSV files: women_results.csv and men_results.csv.
The question you are trying to determine the answer to is:
Are more goals scored in women's international soccer matches than men's?
You assume a 10% significance level, and use the following null and alternative hypotheses:
1. Importing libraries and reading data into a DataFrame
# Importing libraries
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pingouin
from scipy.stats import mannwhitneyu# Reading data into DataFrame
men_results = pd.read_csv('men_results.csv')
women_results = pd.read_csv('women_results.csv')2. Exploratory data analysis
# Checking men_results dataset
men_results.head(10)# Checking women_results dataset
women_results.head(10)# Checking column names, data types
men_results.info()
women_results.info()# Checking Value
men_results.value_counts(subset='tournament')# Checking Value
women_results.value_counts(subset='tournament')3. Filtering the data
# Change data type of 'date' column to DATETIME
men_results['date'] = pd.to_datetime(men_results['date'])
men_subset = men_results[(men_results['tournament'].isin(['FIFA World Cup'])) & (men_results['date'] > '2002-01-01')]
women_results['date'] = pd.to_datetime(women_results['date'])
women_subset = women_results[(women_results['tournament'].isin(['FIFA World Cup'])) & (women_results['date'] > '2002-01-01')]4. Choosing the correct hypothesis test
# Create group columns
men_subset['group'] = 'men'
women_subset['group'] = 'women'
# Create goals_scored columns
men_subset['goals_scored'] = men_subset["home_score"] + men_subset["away_score"]
women_subset['goals_scored'] = women_subset["home_score"] + women_subset["away_score"]print(men_subset.head(10))
print(women_subset.head(10))