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    • Everyone Can Learn Python Scholarship

    1️⃣ Python 🐍 - CO2 Emissions

    Now let's now move on to the competition and challenge.

    📖 Background

    You volunteer for a public policy advocacy organization in Canada, and your colleague asked you to help her draft recommendations for guidelines on CO2 emissions rules.

    After researching emissions data for a wide range of Canadian vehicles, she would like you to investigate which vehicles produce lower emissions.

    💾 The data I

    You have access to seven years of CO2 emissions data for Canadian vehicles (source):

    • "Make" - The company that manufactures the vehicle.
    • "Model" - The vehicle's model.
    • "Vehicle Class" - Vehicle class by utility, capacity, and weight.
    • "Engine Size(L)" - The engine's displacement in liters.
    • "Cylinders" - The number of cylinders.
    • "Transmission" - The transmission type: A = Automatic, AM = Automatic Manual, AS = Automatic with select shift, AV = Continuously variable, M = Manual, 3 - 10 = the number of gears.
    • "Fuel Type" - The fuel type: X = Regular gasoline, Z = Premium gasoline, D = Diesel, E = Ethanol (E85), N = natural gas.
    • "Fuel Consumption Comb (L/100 km)" - Combined city/highway (55%/45%) fuel consumption in liters per 100 km (L/100 km).
    • "CO2 Emissions(g/km)" - The tailpipe carbon dioxide emissions in grams per kilometer for combined city and highway driving.

    The data comes from the Government of Canada's open data website.

    # Import the pandas and numpy packages
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# Load the data
cars = pd.read_csv('data/co2_emissions_canada.csv')

# create numpy arrays
cars_makes = cars['Make'].to_numpy()
cars_models = cars['Model'].to_numpy()
cars_classes = cars['Vehicle Class'].to_numpy()
cars_engine_sizes = cars['Engine Size(L)'].to_numpy()
cars_cylinders = cars['Cylinders'].to_numpy()
cars_transmissions = cars['Transmission'].to_numpy()
cars_fuel_types = cars['Fuel Type'].to_numpy()
cars_fuel_consumption = cars['Fuel Consumption Comb (L/100 km)'].to_numpy()
cars_co2_emissions = cars['CO2 Emissions(g/km)'].to_numpy()

# Preview the dataframe
cars
    # Look at the first ten items in the CO2 emissions array
cars_co2_emissions[:10]

    💪 Challenge I

    Help your colleague gain insights on the type of vehicles that have lower CO2 emissions. Include:

    1. What is the median engine size in liters?
    2. What is the average fuel consumption for regular gasoline (Fuel Type = X), premium gasoline (Z), ethanol (E), and diesel (D)?
    3. What is the correlation between fuel consumption and CO2 emissions?
    4. Which vehicle class has lower average CO2 emissions, 'SUV - SMALL' or 'MID-SIZE'?
    5. What are the average CO2 emissions for all vehicles? For vehicles with an engine size of 2.0 liters or smaller?
    6. Any other insights you found during your analysis?

    1. What is the median engine size in liters?

    # What is the median engine size in liters?

median_engine_size = np.median(cars_engine_sizes)
print("The median engine size in liters is {:.2f} liters.".format(median_engine_size))

    2. What is the average fuel consumption for regular gasoline (Fuel Type = X), premium gasoline (Z), ethanol (E), and diesel (D)?

    # What is the average fuel consumption for regular gasoline (Fuel Type = X), premium gasoline (Z), ethanol (E), and diesel (D)?
''
avg_fuel_consumption = cars.groupby(["Fuel Type"])["Fuel Consumption Comb (L/100 km)"].mean()
# Loop through each fuel type and print out the average fuel consumption
for fuel_type, avg_consumption in avg_fuel_consumption.items():
    print("The average fuel consumption for {} is {:.2f}.".format(fuel_type, avg_consumption))

    3. What is the correlation between fuel consumption and CO2 emissions?

    # What is the correlation between fuel consumption and CO2 emissions?

corr_fuel_co2 = np.corrcoef(cars_fuel_consumption, cars_co2_emissions)[0,1]
print("The correlation between fuel consumption and CO2 emissions is " + str(round(corr_fuel_co2, 2)))

    4. Which vehicle class has lower average CO2 emissions, 'SUV - SMALL' or 'MID-SIZE'?

    # Which vehicle class has lower average CO2 emissions, 'SUV - SMALL' or 'MID-SIZE'?

avg_co2_emissions_by_class = cars.groupby(["Vehicle Class"])["CO2 Emissions(g/km)"].mean()
vehicle_classes = cars["Vehicle Class"].unique().tolist()
# print(vehicle_classes)
if avg_co2_emissions_by_class["SUV - SMALL"] < avg_co2_emissions_by_class["MID-SIZE"]:
    lower_class = "SUV - SMALL"
else:
    lower_class = "MID-SIZE"
print("Average CO2 emissions for SUV - SMALL is {:.2f}".format(avg_co2_emissions_by_class["SUV - SMALL"]))
print("Average CO2 emissions for MID - SIZE is {:.2f}".format(avg_co2_emissions_by_class["MID-SIZE"]))
print("The vehicle class with lower average CO2 emissions is: {}.".format(lower_class))

    Extra : Find vehicle class with highest and lowest CO2 emissions

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