Introduction
You're working as a sports journalist at a major online sports media company, specializing in soccer analysis and reporting. You've been watching both men's and women's international soccer matches for a number of years, and your gut instinct tells you that more goals are scored in women's international football matches than men's. This would make an interesting investigative article that your subscribers are bound to love, but you'll need to perform a valid statistical hypothesis test to be sure!
While scoping this project, you acknowledge that the sport has changed a lot over the years, and performances likely vary a lot depending on the tournament, so you decide to limit the data used in the analysis to only official FIFA World Cup matches (not including qualifiers) since 2002-01-01.
You create two datasets containing the results of every official men's and women's international football match since the 19th century, which you scraped from a reliable online source. This data is stored in two CSV files: women_results.csv and men_results.csv.
The question you are trying to determine the answer to is:
Are more goals scored in women's international soccer matches than men's?
You assume a 10% significance level, and use the following null and alternative hypotheses:
Import libraries
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np
from scipy.stats import mannwhitneyu
!pip install pingouin
import pingouin
plt.style.use('bmh')# Load men's results from CSV file
men = pd.read_csv('men_results.csv')
# Load women's results from CSV file
women = pd.read_csv('women_results.csv')Preview datasets
# Display the first few rows
men.head()# Display the first few rows
women.head()# Display summary information about the men
men.info()# Display summary information about the women
women.info()Filtering data
# Convert date column to datetime
men['date'] = pd.to_datetime(men['date'])
women['date'] = pd.to_datetime(women['date'])# Preview the tournaments
display(men.tournament.value_counts())
display(women.tournament.value_counts())# Extract FIFA World Cup matches only
men_wc = men.loc[men.tournament == 'FIFA World Cup']
women_wc = women.loc[women.tournament == 'FIFA World Cup']
# Matches after 2002-01-01
men_wc_02 = men_wc.loc[men_wc.date >= '2002-01-01']
women_wc_02 = women_wc.loc[women_wc.date >= '2002-01-01']print('Men dataset :',men_wc_02.shape)
print('Women dataset :',women_wc_02.shape)Exploratory Data Analysis