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Everyone Can Learn Python Scholarship

1️⃣ Python 🐍 - CO2 Emissions

Now let's now move on to the competition and challenge.

📖 Background

You volunteer for a public policy advocacy organization in Canada, and your colleague asked you to help her draft recommendations for guidelines on CO2 emissions rules.

After researching emissions data for a wide range of Canadian vehicles, she would like you to investigate which vehicles produce lower emissions.

💾 The data I

The data is based on seven years of CO2 emissions data for Canadian vehicles (source):

  • "Make" - The company that manufactures the vehicle.
  • "Model" - The vehicle's model.
  • "Vehicle Class" - Vehicle class by utility, capacity, and weight.
  • "Engine Size(L)" - The engine's displacement in liters.
  • "Cylinders" - The number of cylinders.
  • "Transmission" - The transmission type: A = Automatic, AM = Automatic Manual, AS = Automatic with select shift, AV = Continuously variable, M = Manual, 3 - 10 = the number of gears.
  • "Fuel Type" - The fuel type: X = Regular gasoline, Z = Premium gasoline, D = Diesel, E = Ethanol (E85), N = natural gas.
  • "Fuel Consumption Comb (L/100 km)" - Combined city/highway (55%/45%) fuel consumption in liters per 100 km (L/100 km).
  • "CO2 Emissions(g/km)" - The tailpipe carbon dioxide emissions in grams per kilometer for combined city and highway driving.

The data comes from the Government of Canada's open data website.

# Import the pandas and numpy packages
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# Load the data
cars = pd.read_csv('data/co2_emissions_canada.csv')

# create numpy arrays
cars_makes = cars['Make'].to_numpy()
cars_models = cars['Model'].to_numpy()
cars_classes = cars['Vehicle Class'].to_numpy()
cars_engine_sizes = cars['Engine Size(L)'].to_numpy()
cars_cylinders = cars['Cylinders'].to_numpy()
cars_transmissions = cars['Transmission'].to_numpy()
cars_fuel_types = cars['Fuel Type'].to_numpy()
cars_fuel_consumption = cars['Fuel Consumption Comb (L/100 km)'].to_numpy()
cars_co2_emissions = cars['CO2 Emissions(g/km)'].to_numpy()


def replace_fuel_type(cars):
    #The fuel type: X = Regular gasoline, Z = Premium gasoline, D = Diesel, E = Ethanol (E85), N = natural gas.
    return cars["Fuel Type"].replace('X', 'Regular gasoline').replace('Z', 'Premium gasoline').replace('D', 'Diesel').replace('E', 'Ethanol').replace('N', 'Natural gas')

# Preview the dataframe
cars
# Look at the first ten items in the CO2 emissions array
cars_co2_emissions[:10]

💪 Challenge I

Help your colleague gain insights on the type of vehicles that have lower CO2 emissions. Include:

  1. What is the median engine size in liters?
  2. What is the average fuel consumption for regular gasoline (Fuel Type = X), premium gasoline (Z), ethanol (E), and diesel (D)?
  3. What is the correlation between fuel consumption and CO2 emissions?
  4. Which vehicle class has lower average CO2 emissions, 'SUV - SMALL' or 'MID-SIZE'?
  5. What are the average CO2 emissions for all vehicles? For vehicles with an engine size of 2.0 liters or smaller?
  6. Any other insights you found during your analysis?
cars_sort_by_emission = cars.sort_values(by='CO2 Emissions(g/km)', ascending = True)

1. What is the median engine size in liters?

import numpy
print(str(numpy.median(cars_engine_sizes)) + "L.")

2. What is the average fuel consumption for regular gasoline (Fuel Type = X), premium gasoline (Z), ethanol (E), and diesel (D)?

cars_by_fuel_type = cars[cars["Fuel Type"]!="N"].groupby(by="Fuel Type")["Fuel Consumption Comb (L/100 km)"].mean()
pd.DataFrame(cars_by_fuel_type).sort_values(by="Fuel Consumption Comb (L/100 km)", ascending=True)

3. What is the correlation between fuel consumption and CO2 emissions?

print("The correlation between fuel consumption and emissions is " + str(np.round(cars["Fuel Consumption Comb (L/100 km)"].corr(cars["CO2 Emissions(g/km)"]), 2)))

As we could expect, based on current fuel types, there is a direct impact in the CO2 emissions related to fuel consumption. The more fuel consumed, the more CO2 emissions.

4. Which vehicle class has lower average CO2 emissions, 'SUV - SMALL' or 'MID-SIZE'?

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