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Did you know that the average return from investing in stocks is 10% per year! But who wants to be average?!

You have been asked to support an investment firm by analyzing trends in high-growth companies. They are interested in understanding which industries are producing the highest valuations and the rate at which new high-value companies are emerging. Providing them with this information gives them a competitive insight as to industry trends and how they should structure their portfolio looking forward.

You have been given access to their unicorns database, which contains the following tables:

dates

ColumnDescription
company_idA unique ID for the company.
date_joinedThe date that the company became a unicorn.
year_foundedThe year that the company was founded.

funding

ColumnDescription
company_idA unique ID for the company.
valuationCompany value in US dollars.
fundingThe amount of funding raised in US dollars.
select_investorsA list of key investors in the company.

industries

ColumnDescription
company_idA unique ID for the company.
industryThe industry that the company operates in.

companies

ColumnDescription
company_idA unique ID for the company.
companyThe name of the company.
cityThe city where the company is headquartered.
countryThe country where the company is headquartered.
continentThe continent where the company is headquartered.
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DataFrameas
df3
variable

SELECT industry, SUM(num) as num_unicorns,AVG(val) as average_valuation_billions, year
FROM 
(SELECT i.industry, COUNT(c.company) as num,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d.date_joined) AS year, f.valuation as val
FROM industries AS i
LEFT JOIN companies AS c
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN dates as d
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN funding as f 
USING (company_id)
GROUP BY i.industry, c.company, year, f.valuation) AS sub_query
WHERE year IN (2021,2020,2019)
GROUP BY industry, year
ORDER BY num_unicorns DESC
LIMIT 3
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DataFrameas
df5
variable
SELECT industry, SUM(num) as num_unicorns,AVG(val) as average_valuation_billions, year
FROM 
(SELECT i.industry, COUNT(c.company) as num,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d.date_joined) AS year, f.valuation as val
FROM industries AS i
LEFT JOIN companies AS c
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN dates as d
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN funding as f 
USING (company_id)
GROUP BY i.industry, c.company, year, f.valuation) AS sub_query
WHERE year = 2020
GROUP BY industry, year
ORDER BY num_unicorns DESC
LIMIT 3
Spinner
DataFrameas
df6
variable
SELECT industry, SUM(num) as num_unicorns,AVG(val) as average_valuation_billions, year
FROM 
(SELECT i.industry, COUNT(c.company) as num,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d.date_joined) AS year, f.valuation as val
FROM industries AS i
LEFT JOIN companies AS c
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN dates as d
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN funding as f 
USING (company_id)
GROUP BY i.industry, c.company, year, f.valuation) AS sub_query
WHERE industry IN ('Internet software & services','E-commerce & direct-to-consumer','Fintech') AND year = 2019
GROUP BY industry, year
ORDER BY num_unicorns DESC
LIMIT 3
Spinner
DataFrameas
df
variable
SELECT industry, SUM(num) as num_unicorns,AVG(val) as average_valuation_billions, year
FROM 
(SELECT i.industry, COUNT(c.company) as num,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d.date_joined) AS year, f.valuation as val
FROM industries AS i
LEFT JOIN companies AS c
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN dates as d
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN funding as f 
USING (company_id)
GROUP BY i.industry, c.company, year, f.valuation) AS sub_query
WHERE year = 2021
GROUP BY industry, year
ORDER BY num_unicorns DESC
LIMIT 3
Spinner
DataFrameas
df8
variable
[25]
(SELECT industry, SUM(num) as num_unicorns,AVG(val) as average_valuation_billions, year
FROM 
(SELECT i.industry, COUNT(c.company) as num,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d.date_joined) AS year, f.valuation as val
FROM industries AS i
LEFT JOIN companies AS c
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN dates as d
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN funding as f 
USING (company_id)
GROUP BY i.industry, c.company, year, f.valuation) AS sub_query
WHERE year = 2021
GROUP BY industry, year
ORDER BY num_unicorns DESC
LIMIT 3)
UNION
(SELECT industry, SUM(num) as num_unicorns,AVG(val) as average_valuation_billions, year
FROM 
(SELECT i.industry, COUNT(c.company) as num,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d.date_joined) AS year, f.valuation as val
FROM industries AS i
LEFT JOIN companies AS c
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN dates as d
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN funding as f 
USING (company_id)
GROUP BY i.industry, c.company, year, f.valuation) AS sub_query
WHERE year = 2020
GROUP BY industry, year
ORDER BY num_unicorns DESC
LIMIT 3)
UNION
(SELECT industry, SUM(num) as num_unicorns,AVG(val) as average_valuation_billions, year
FROM 
(SELECT i.industry, COUNT(c.company) as num,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d.date_joined) AS year, f.valuation as val
FROM industries AS i
LEFT JOIN companies AS c
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN dates as d
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN funding as f 
USING (company_id)
GROUP BY i.industry, c.company, year, f.valuation) AS sub_query
WHERE industry IN ('Internet software & services','E-commerce & direct-to-consumer','Fintech') AND year = 2019
GROUP BY industry, year
ORDER BY num_unicorns DESC
LIMIT 3)
Spinner
DataFrameas
df9
variable

SELECT industry ,year , num_unicorns, average_valuation_billions
FROM ((SELECT industry, SUM(num) as num_unicorns,ROUND(AVG(val/ 1000000000),2) as average_valuation_billions, year
FROM 
(SELECT i.industry, COUNT(c.company) as num,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d.date_joined) AS year, f.valuation as val
FROM industries AS i
LEFT JOIN companies AS c
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN dates as d
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN funding as f 
USING (company_id)
GROUP BY i.industry, c.company, year, f.valuation) AS sub_query
WHERE year = 2021
GROUP BY industry, year
ORDER BY num_unicorns DESC
LIMIT 3)
UNION
(SELECT industry, SUM(num) as num_unicorns,ROUND(AVG(val/ 1000000000),2) as average_valuation_billions, year
FROM 
(SELECT i.industry, COUNT(c.company) as num,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d.date_joined) AS year, f.valuation as val
FROM industries AS i
LEFT JOIN companies AS c
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN dates as d
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN funding as f 
USING (company_id)
GROUP BY i.industry, c.company, year, f.valuation) AS sub_query
WHERE year = 2020
GROUP BY industry, year
ORDER BY num_unicorns DESC
LIMIT 3)
UNION
(SELECT industry, SUM(num) as num_unicorns,ROUND(AVG(val/ 1000000000),2) as average_valuation_billions, year
FROM 
(SELECT i.industry, COUNT(c.company) as num,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM d.date_joined) AS year, f.valuation as val
FROM industries AS i
LEFT JOIN companies AS c
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN dates as d
USING(company_id)
LEFT JOIN funding as f 
USING (company_id)
GROUP BY i.industry, c.company, year, f.valuation) AS sub_query
WHERE industry IN ('Internet software & services','E-commerce & direct-to-consumer','Fintech') AND year = 2019
GROUP BY industry, year
ORDER BY num_unicorns DESC
LIMIT 3)
) AS FINAL
GROUP BY industry, year, num_unicorns,  average_valuation_billions
ORDER BY industry, year DESC