The role of a data scientist is to turn raw data into actionable insights. Much of the world's raw data—from electronic medical records to customer transaction histories—lives in organized collections of tables called relational databases. To be an effective data scientist, you must know how to wrangle and extract data from these databases using a language called SQL . This course teaches syntax in SQL shared by many types of databases, such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, and Oracle. This course teaches you everything you need to know to begin working with databases today!

Master the basics of querying tables in relational databases such as MySQL, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.

Learn the basics of syntax in SQL, how to extract and wrangle data, and use querying tables in relational databases like MySQL, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.

Introduction to SQL

In this introduction to R course, you'll master the basics of this widely used open source language&mdash;including vectors, factors, lists, and data frames. With the coding skills you'll gain in this course, you'll be ready to undertake your own data analysis in R. There are millions of R users worldwide, cementing it as a leading programming language in statistics and data science. More and more organizations are using R, so begin your coding journey in one of DataCamp's most popular courses today!

Master the basics of data analysis by manipulating common data structures such as vectors, matrices, and data frames.

DataCamp's Into to R training course teaches you how to use R programming for data science at your own pace with video tutorials & interactive challenges.

Introduction to R Online

Introduction to R

Intermediate R is the next stop on your journey in mastering the R programming language. In this R training, you will learn about conditional statements, loops, and functions to power your own R scripts. Next, make your R code more efficient and readable using the apply functions. Finally, the utilities chapter gets you up to speed with regular expressions in R, data structure manipulations, and times and dates. This course will allow you to take the next step in advancing your overall knowledge and capabilities while programming in R.

Continue your journey to becoming an R ninja by learning about conditional statements, loops, and vector functions.

Discover conditional statements, loops, and functions to power your own R scripts, and learn to make your R code more efficient using the apply functions.

Intermediate R

This is an introduction to the programming language R, focused on a powerful set of tools known as the Tidyverse. You'll learn the intertwined processes of data manipulation and visualization using the tools dplyr and ggplot2. You'll learn to manipulate data by filtering, sorting, and summarizing a real dataset of historical country data in order to answer exploratory questions. You'll then learn to turn this processed data into informative line plots, bar plots, histograms, and more with the ggplot2 package. You’ll get a taste of the value of exploratory data analysis and the power of Tidyverse tools. This is a suitable introduction for those who have no previous experience in R and are interested in performing data analysis.

Get started on the path to exploring and visualizing your own data with the tidyverse, a powerful and popular collection of data science tools within R.

Discover the fundamentals of the Tidyverse, and learn all about renaming and reordering variables, while becoming familiar with binomial distribution.

Introduction to the Tidyverse

In this interactive tutorial, you will learn how to perform sophisticated dplyr techniques to carry out your data manipulation with R. First you will master the five verbs of R data manipulation with dplyr: select, mutate, filter, arrange and summarise. Next, you will learn how you can chain your dplyr operations using the pipe operator of the magrittr package. In the final section, the focus is on practicing how to subset your data using the group_by function, and how you can access data stored outside of R in a database. All said and done, you will be familiar with data manipulation tools and techniques that will allow you to efficiently manipulate data.

Master techniques for data manipulation using the select, mutate, filter, arrange, and summarise functions in dplyr.

Learn how to manipulate data in R with the easy and  intuitive Dplyr syntax--from summarizing to subsetting data.--from our leading course taught by RStudio. 

Manipulate Data in R

Data Manipulation in R with dplyr

Say you've found a great dataset and would like to learn more about it. How can you start to answer the questions you have about the data? You can use dplyr to answer those questions—it can also help with basic transformations of your data. You'll also learn to aggregate your data and add, remove, or change the variables. Along the way, you'll explore a dataset containing information about counties in the United States. You'll finish the course by applying these tools to the babynames dataset to explore trends of baby names in the United States.

Learn to transform and manipulate your data using dplyr. 

Learn how to use dplyr to transform and aggregate data, then add, remove, or change variables. You'll then apply your skills to a real-world case study.

Data Manipulation with dplyr

Functions are a fundamental building block of the R language. You've probably used dozens (or even hundreds) of functions written by others, but in order to take your R game to the next level, you'll need to learn to write your own functions. This course will teach you the fundamentals of writing functions in R so that, among other things, you can make your code more readable, avoid coding errors, and automate repetitive tasks.

Learn the fundamentals of writing functions in R so you can make your code more readable and automate repetitive tasks.

This course will teach you the fundamentals of writing functions in R so that you can make your code more readable, avoid coding errors, and automate tasks.

R Functions

Writing Functions in R

Importing data into R should be the easiest step in your analysis. Unfortunately, that is almost never the case. Data can come in many formats, ranging from .csv and text files, to statistical software files, to databases and HTML data. Knowing which approach to use is key to getting started with the actual analysis.
In this course, you’ll start by learning how to read .csv and text files in R. You will then cover the readr and data.table packages to easily and efficiently import flat file data. After that, you will learn how to read .xls files in R using readxl and gdata.

In this course, you will learn to read CSV, XLS, and text files in R using tools like readxl and data.table.

Learn to read .xls, .csv, and text files in R using readxl and gdata, before learning how to use readr and data.table packages to import flat file data.

Introduction to Importing Data in R

The ability to produce meaningful and beautiful data visualizations is an essential part of a data scientist skill set. This course, the first R data visualization course in the series, introduces you to the principles of good visualizations and the grammar of graphics plotting concepts implemented in the ggplot2 package. ggplot2 has become the go-to tool for flexible and professional plots in R. We’ll examine the first three essential layers for making a plot: data, aesthetics, and geometries. By the end of the course you will be able to make complex exploratory plots.

Learn to produce meaningful and beautiful data visualizations with ggplot2 by understanding the grammar of graphics.

Recommended by ggplot2 author Hadley Wickham, this online course teaches you how to create meaningful data visualizations in R with ggplot2 at your own pace

Data Visualization with ggplot2 (Part 1)

It's commonly said that data scientists spend 80% of their time cleaning and manipulating data and only 20% of their time actually analyzing it. For this reason, it is critical to become familiar with the data cleaning process and all of the tools available to you along the way. This course provides a very basic introduction to cleaning data in R using the tidyr, dplyr, and stringr packages. After taking the course you'll be able to go from raw data to awesome insights as quickly and painlessly as possible!

Learn to explore your data so you can properly clean and prepare it for analysis.

DataCamp's course teaches you to clean data in R so you can turn raw data into valuable insights quicker. See why over 800,000 data scientists use DataCamp!

Cleaning Data In R

Cleaning Data in R

Often in data science, you'll encounter fascinating data that is spread across multiple tables. This course will teach you the skills you'll need to join multiple tables together to analyze them in combination. You'll practice your skills using a fun dataset about LEGOs from the Rebrickable website. The dataset contains information about the sets, parts, themes, and colors of LEGOs, but is spread across many tables. You'll work with the data throughout the course as you learn a total of six different joins! You'll learn four mutating joins: inner join, left join, right join, and full join, and two filtering joins: semi join and anti join. In the final chapter, you'll apply your new skills to Stack Overflow data, containing each of the almost 300,000 Stack Oveflow questions that are tagged with R, including information about their answers, the date they were asked, and their score. Get ready to take your dplyr skills to the next level!

Learn to combine data across multiple tables to answer more complex questions with dplyr.

Learn to combine data across multiple tables to answer complex questions with dplyr. You'll learn 6 different joins including inner, full, anti, and more.

Joining Data with dplyr

This course builds on what you learned in Data Manipulation in R with dplyr by showing you how to combine data sets with dplyr's two table verbs. In the real world, data comes split across many data sets, but dplyr's core functions are designed to work with single tables of data. In this course, you'll learn the best ways to combine data sets into single tables. You'll learn how to augment columns from one data set with columns from another with mutating joins, how to filter one data set against another with filtering joins, and how to sift through data sets with set operations. Along the way, you'll discover the best practices for building data sets and troubleshooting joins with dplyr. Afterwards, you’ll be well on your way to data manipulation mastery!

This course will show you how to combine data sets with dplyr's two table verbs.

Using dplyr, you'll learn how to augment columns with mutating joins, filter a data set against another with filtering joins, and how to sift through data sets.

Join Data in R

Joining Data in R with dplyr

Shiny is an R package that makes it easy to build interactive web apps straight from R. Shiny combines the computational power of R with the interactivity of the modern web. This course will take you from R programmer to Shiny developer. If you want to take a fresh, interactive approach to telling your data story, let users interact with your data and your analysis, and do it all with R, dive in!

Build interactive web apps straight from R with shiny!

This course will show you how to use the shiny package in R to build interactive web applications with no HTML or JavaScript.

Building Web Applications in R with Shiny

This beginner-level introduction to machine learning covers four of the most common classification algorithms. You will come away with a basic understanding of how each algorithm approaches a learning task, as well as learn the R functions needed to apply these tools to your own work.

In this course you will learn the basics of machine learning for classification.

Supervised Learning in R: Classification

This follow-up course on Intermediate R does not cover new programming concepts. Instead, you will strengthen your knowledge of the topics in Intermediate R with a bunch of new and fun exercises.

Strengthen your knowledge of the topics you learned in Intermediate R with a ton of new and fun exercises.

Practice the skills you learned in DataCamp's Intermediate R course See why over 700,000 people use DataCamp today!

Intermediate R: Practice

Ultimately, data analysis is about understanding relationships among variables. Exploring data with multiple variables requires new, more complex tools, but enables a richer set of comparisons. In this course, you will learn how to describe relationships between two numerical quantities. You will characterize these relationships graphically, in the form of summary statistics, and through simple linear regression models.

Learn how to describe relationships between two numerical quantities and characterize these relationships graphically.

Learn how to describe relationships between two numerical quantities and characterize these relationships graphically through simple linear regression models.

Correlation and Regression in R

When your dataset is represented as a table or a database, it's difficult to observe much about it beyond its size and the types of variables it contains. In this course, you'll learn how to use graphical and numerical techniques to begin uncovering the structure of your data. Which variables suggest interesting relationships? Which observations are unusual? By the end of the course, you'll be able to answer these questions and more, while generating graphics that are both insightful and beautiful.

Learn how to use graphical and numerical techniques to begin uncovering the structure of your data.

Learn how to use graphical and numerical techniques for exploratory data analysis while generating insightful and beautiful graphics in R.

Exploratory Data Analysis in R

This course provides a comprehensive introduction on how to plot data with R’s default graphics system, base graphics.After an introduction to base graphics, we look at a number of R plotting examples, from simple graphs such as scatterplots to plotting correlation matrices. The course finishes with exercises in plot customization. This includes using R plot colors effectively and creating and saving complex plots in R.Base Graphics Background R supports four different graphics systems: base graphics, grid graphics, lattice graphics, and ggplot2. Base graphics is the default graphics system in R, the easiest of the four systems to learn to use, and provides a wide variety of useful tools, especially for exploratory graphics where we wish to learn what is in an unfamiliar dataset.

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to working with base graphics in R.

Data Visualization in R

Cluster analysis is a powerful toolkit in the data science workbench. It is used to find groups of observations (clusters) that share similar characteristics. These similarities can inform all kinds of business decisions; for example, in marketing, it is used to identify distinct groups of customers for which advertisements can be tailored. In this course, you will learn about two commonly used clustering methods - hierarchical clustering and k-means clustering. You won't just learn how to use these methods, you'll build a strong intuition for how they work and how to interpret their results. You'll develop this intuition by exploring three different datasets&#58; soccer player positions, wholesale customer spending data, and longitudinal occupational wage data.

Develop a strong intuition for how hierarchical and k-means clustering work and learn how to apply them to extract insights from your data. 

Cluster Analysis in R

This ggplot2 tutorial builds on your knowledge from the first course to produce meaningful explanatory plots. We'll explore the last four optional layers. Statistics will be calculated on the fly and we’ll see how Coordinates and Facets aid in communication. Publication quality plots will be produced directly in R using the Themes layer. We’ll also discuss details on data visualization best practices with ggplot2 to help make sure you have a sound understanding of what works and why. By the end of the course, you’ll have all the tools needed to make a custom plotting function to explore a large data set, combining statistics and excellent visuals.

Take your data visualization skills to the next level with coordinates, facets, themes, and best practices in ggplot2.

Ggplot2 author Hadley Wickham recommends this tutorial that teaches you how to create data visualizations with ggplot2. See why over 300,000 use DataCamp!

Data Visualization with ggplot2 (Part 2)

In this finance-oriented introduction to R, you will learn essential data structures such as lists and data frames and have the chance to apply that knowledge to real-world financial examples. By the end of the course, you will be comfortable with the basics of manipulating your data to perform financial analysis in R.

Learn essential data structures such as lists and data frames and apply that knowledge directly to financial examples.

Learn the essential data structures, including lists and data frames and have the chance to apply that knowledge directly to financial examples using R.

Intro to R for Finance

Introduction to R for Finance

In this course, you will take a deeper dive into the wide range of data formats out there. More specifically, you'll learn how to import data from relational databases and how to import and work with data coming from the web. Finally, you'll get hands-on experience with importing data from statistical software packages such as SAS, STATA, and SPSS.

Parse data in any format. Whether it's flat files, statistical software, databases, or data right from the web.

Learn how you can use R to parse data in any format, whether that data is from flat files, statistical software, databases, or data right from the web.

Intermediate Importing Data in R

Many times in machine learning, the goal is to find patterns in data without trying to make predictions. This is called unsupervised learning. One common use case of unsupervised learning is grouping consumers based on demographics and purchasing history to deploy targeted marketing campaigns. Another example is wanting to describe the unmeasured factors that most influence crime differences between cities. This course provides a basic introduction to clustering and dimensionality reduction in R from a machine learning perspective, so that you can get from data to insights as quickly as possible.


This course provides an intro to clustering and dimensionality reduction in R from a machine learning perspective.

This course provides a basic introduction to clustering and dimensionality reduction in R from a machine learning perspective to get insights quickly.

Unsupervised Learning in R

Dates and times are abundant in data and essential for answering questions that  start with when, how long, or how often.  However, they can be tricky, as they come in a variety of formats and can behave in unintuitive ways. This course teaches you the essentials of parsing, manipulating, and computing with  dates and times in R. By the end, you'll have mastered the lubridate package, a member of the tidyverse, specifically designed to handle dates and times.  You'll also have applied your new skills to explore how often R versions are released,  when the weather is good in Auckland (the birthplace of R), and how long monarchs ruled in Britain.

Learn the essentials of parsing, manipulating and computing with dates and times in R.

Dates and Times in R

Working with Dates and Times in R

Once you've started learning tools for data manipulation and visualization like dplyr and ggplot2, this course gives you a chance to use them in action on a real dataset. You'll explore the historical voting of the United Nations General Assembly, including analyzing differences in voting between countries, across time, and among international issues. In the process you'll gain more practice with the dplyr and ggplot2 packages, learn about the broom package for tidying model output, and experience the kind of start-to-finish exploratory analysis common in data science.

Use data manipulation and visualization skills to explore the historical voting of the United Nations General Assembly.

Use your data manipulation and visualization skills to explore the historical voting of the United Nations General Assembly.

Case Study: Exploratory Data Analysis in R

Character strings can turn up in all stages of a data science project. You might have to clean messy string input before analysis, extract data that is embedded in text or automatically turn numeric results into a sentence to include in a report. Perhaps the strings themselves are the data of interest, and you need to detect and match patterns within them. This course will help you master these tasks by teaching you how to pull strings apart, put them back together and use stringr to detect, extract, match and split strings using regular expressions, a powerful way to express patterns.

Learn how to pull character strings apart, put them back together and use the stringr package.

In this course you will learn how to pull character strings apart, put them back together and use the stringr package.

String Manipulation with stringr in R

In this third ggplot2 course, we'll dive into some advanced topics including geoms commonly used in maths and sciences, strategies for handling large data sets, a variety of specialty plots, and some useful features of ggplot2 internals.

This course covers some advanced topics including strategies for handling large data sets and specialty plots.

Data Visualization with ggplot2 (Part 3)

Running exciting analyses on interesting datasets is the dream of every data scientist. But first, some importing and cleaning must be done. In this series of four case studies, you'll revisit key concepts from our courses on importing and cleaning data in R.

In this series of four case studies, you'll revisit key concepts from our courses on importing and cleaning data in R.

Practice importing and cleaning data in R with this case study focused tutorial.  You will improve your R skills quickly and efficiently with this course!

Importing & Cleaning Data in R: Case Studies

Once you've started learning tools for building interactive web applications with shiny, this course will translate this knowledge into building dashboards. Dashboards, a common data science deliverable, are pages that collate information, often tracking metrics from a live-updating data source. You'll gain more expertise using shiny while learning to build and design these dynamic dashboards. In the process, you'll pick up tips to optimize performance as well as best practices to create a visually appealing product.

In this course you'll learn to build dashboards using the shinydashboard package.

Building Dashboards with shinydashboard

One of the foundational aspects of statistical analysis is inference, or the process of drawing conclusions about a larger population from a sample of data. Although counter intuitive, the standard practice is to attempt to disprove a research claim that is not of interest. For example, to show that one medical treatment is better than another, we can assume that the two treatments lead to equal survival rates only to then be disproved by the data. Additionally, we introduce the idea of a p-value, or the degree of disagreement between the data and the hypothesis. We also dive into confidence intervals, which measure the magnitude of the effect of interest (e.g. how much better one treatment is than another).

Learn how to draw conclusions about a population from a sample of data via a process known as statistical inference.

Learn to use statistical inference techniques, including p-value and confidence intervals, to draw conclusions about a population from a sample of data.

Foundations of Inference in R

Foundations of Inference

Scientists seek to answer questions using rigorous methods and careful observations. These observations—collected from the likes of field notes, surveys, and experiments—form the backbone of a statistical investigation and are called data. Statistics is the study of how best to collect, analyze, and draw conclusions from data. It is helpful to put statistics in the context of a general process of investigation: 1) identify a question or problem; 2) collect relevant data on the topic; 3) analyze the data; and 4) form a conclusion. In this course, you'll focus on the first two steps of the process.

Learn the language of data, study types,  sampling strategies, and experimental design.

Learn how you can identify a question, collect relevant data on the topic, analyze the data and then form a solid conclusion when working with Data in R.

Introduction to Data in R

After learning the basics of using Shiny to build web applications, this course takes you to the next level by putting your newly acquired skills into practice. You'll get experience developing fun and realistic Shiny apps for different common use cases, such as using Shiny to explore a dataset, generate a customized plot, and even create a word cloud. With all this practice and new knowledge, you will be well-equipped to develop Shiny apps for your own use.

Practice your Shiny skills while building some fun Shiny apps for real-life scenarios!

Case Studies: Building Web Applications with Shiny in R

Communication is a key part of the data science process. Dashboards are a popular way to present data in a cohesive visual display. In this course you'll learn how to assemble your results into a polished dashboard using the flexdashboard package. This can be as simple as adding a few lines of R Markdown to your existing code, or as rich as a fully interactive Shiny-powered experience. You will learn about the spectrum of dashboard creation tools available in R and complete this course with the ability to produce a professional quality dashboard.

In this course you'll learn how to create static and interactive dashboards using flexdashboard and shiny.

Building Dashboards with flexdashboard

It is estimated that over 70% of potentially usable business information is unstructured, often in the form of text data. Text mining provides a collection of techniques that allows us to derive actionable insights from unstructured data. In this course, we explore the basics of text mining using the bag of words method. The first three chapters introduce a variety of essential topics for analyzing and visualizing text data. The final chapter allows you to apply everything you've learned in a real-world case study to extract insights from employee reviews of two major tech companies.

Learn the bag of words technique for text mining with R.

Discover the basics of text mining using the bag of words method and a variety of other essential topics for analyzing and visualizing text data in R.

Text Mining with Bag-of-Words in R

Machine learning is the study and application of algorithms that learn from and make predictions on data. From search results to self-driving cars, it has manifested itself in all areas of our lives and is one of the most exciting and fast growing fields of research in the world of data science. This course teaches the big ideas in machine learning: how to build and evaluate predictive models, how to tune them for optimal performance, how to preprocess data for better results, and much more. The popular <code>caret</code> R package, which provides a consistent interface to all of R's most powerful machine learning facilities, is used throughout the course.

This course teaches the big ideas in machine learning like how to build and evaluate predictive models.

This course teaches the big ideas in machine learning: how to build and evaluate predictive models, how to tune them for performance, and how to preprocess data

Machine Learning with caret in R

Now that you've learned the basics of SQL in our <a href="https://learn.datacamp.com/courses/introduction-to-sql">Introduction to SQL</a> course, it's time to supercharge your queries using joins and relational set theory. In this course, you'll learn all about the power of joining tables while exploring interesting features of countries and their cities throughout the world. You will master inner and outer joins, as well as self joins, semi joins, anti joins and cross joins—fundamental tools in any PostgreSQL wizard's toolbox. Never fear set theory again after learning all about unions, intersections, and except clauses through easy-to-understand diagrams and examples. Lastly, you'll be introduced to the challenging topic of subqueries. You will be able to visually grasp these ideas by using Venn diagrams and other linking illustrations.

Join two or three tables together into one, combine tables using set theory, and work with subqueries in PostgreSQL.

Discover all the fundamental in PostgreSQL, like inner, outer self, semi, anti, and cross joins, as well as unions, intersections, and except clauses.

Joining Data in SQL

So you've learned how to aggregate and join data from tables in your database—now what? How do you manipulate, transform, and make the most sense of your data? This intermediate-level course will teach you several key functions necessary to wrangle, filter, and categorize information in a relational database, expand your SQL toolkit, and answer complex questions. You will learn the robust use of CASE statements, subqueries, and window functions—all while discovering some interesting facts about soccer using the European Soccer Database.

Master the complex SQL queries necessary to answer a wide variety of data science questions and prepare robust data sets for analysis in PostgreSQL.

Intermediate SQL

Being able to write your own functions makes your analyses more readable, with fewer errors, and more reusable from project to project. Function writing will increase your productivity more than any other skill!  In this course you'll learn the basics of function writing, focusing on the arguments going into the function and the return values. You'll be writing useful data science functions, and using real-world data on Wyoming tourism, stock price/earnings ratios, and grain yields.

Take your R skills up a notch by learning to write efficient, reusable functions. 

Learn how to write efficient, reusable functions in R by understanding the basics of function writing, focusing on the arguments and the return values.

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