Python is a general-purpose programming language that is becoming ever more popular for data science. Companies worldwide are using Python to harvest insights from their data and gain a competitive edge. Unlike other Python tutorials, this course focuses on Python specifically for data science. In our Introduction to Python course, you’ll learn about powerful ways to store and manipulate data, and helpful data science tools to begin conducting your own analyses. Start DataCamp’s online Python curriculum now.

Master the basics of data analysis in Python. Expand your skillset by learning scientific computing with NumPy.

Discover how to use Python for data science, learning about the ways to store and manipulate data in the environment to begin conducting your own analyses.

Introduction to Python

The role of a data scientist is to turn raw data into actionable insights. Much of the world's raw data—from electronic medical records to customer transaction histories—lives in organized collections of tables called relational databases. To be an effective data scientist, you must know how to wrangle and extract data from these databases using a language called SQL . This course teaches syntax in SQL shared by many types of databases, such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, and Oracle. This course teaches you everything you need to know to begin working with databases today!

Master the basics of querying tables in relational databases such as MySQL, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.

Learn the basics of syntax in SQL, how to extract and wrangle data, and use querying tables in relational databases like MySQL, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.

Introduction to SQL

Learning Python is crucial for any aspiring data science practitioner. Learn to visualize real data with Matplotlib's functions and get acquainted with data structures such as the dictionary and the pandas DataFrame. After covering key concepts such as boolean logic, control flow, and loops in Python, you'll be ready to blend together everything you've learned to solve a case study using hacker statistics.

Level up your data science skills by creating visualizations using Matplotlib and manipulating DataFrames with pandas.

In this intermediate Python course, learn to visualize real data with Matplotlib's functions and get to know new data structures such as the pandas DataFrame.

Intermediate Python

Deep learning is the machine learning technique behind the most exciting capabilities in diverse areas like robotics, natural language processing, image recognition, and artificial intelligence, including the famous AlphaGo. In this course, you'll gain hands-on, practical knowledge of how to use deep learning with Keras 2.0, the latest version of a cutting-edge library for deep learning in Python.

Learn the fundamentals of neural networks and how to build deep learning models using Keras 2.0.

Discover how you can use deep learning to run natural language processing, image recognition, and artificial intelligence with Python package, Keras 2.0.

Introduction to Deep Learning in Python

Functions are a fundamental building block of the R language. You've probably used dozens (or even hundreds) of functions written by others, but in order to take your R game to the next level, you'll need to learn to write your own functions. This course will teach you the fundamentals of writing functions in R so that, among other things, you can make your code more readable, avoid coding errors, and automate repetitive tasks.

Learn the fundamentals of writing functions in R so you can make your code more readable and automate repetitive tasks.

This course will teach you the fundamentals of writing functions in R so that you can make your code more readable, avoid coding errors, and automate tasks.

R Functions

Writing Functions in R

Where should you buy a house to get the most value for your money? Your first step might be to make a map, but spatial analysis in R can be intimidating because of the complicated objects the data often live in.This course will introduce you to spatial data by starting with objects you already know about, data frames, before introducing you to the special objects from the sp and raster packages used to represent spatial data for analysis in R. You'll learn to read, explore, and manipulate these objects with the big payoff of being able to use the tmap package to make maps.By the end of the course you will have made maps of property sales in a small town, populations of the countries of the world, the distribution of people in the North East of the USA, and median income in the neighborhoods of New York City.

Learn to read, explore, and manipulate spatial data then use your skills to create informative maps using R.

Visualizing Geospatial Data in R

There has never been a better time to use R for spatial analysis! The sf package has made working with vector data in R a breeze and the raster package provides a set of powerful and intuitive tools to work gridded data like satellite imagery. Instead of the painful process of performing your spatial analysis in GIS systems like ArcGIS or QGIS and then shuffling your results into another system for analysis, you can move your entire spatial analysis workflow into R. In this course you will learn why the sf package is rapidly taking over spatial analysis in R. You will read in spatial data, manipulate vectors using the dplyr package and learn how to work with coordinate reference systems. You'll also learn how to perform geoprocessing of vectors including buffering, spatial joins, computing intersections, simplifying and measuring distance. With rasters, you will aggregate, reclassify, crop, mask, and extract. The last chapter of the course is devoted to showing you how to make maps in R with the ggplot2 and tmap packages and performing a fun mini-analysis that brings together all your new skills.

Analyze spatial data using the sf and raster packages. 

Learn how to work with vector data in R using the SF package. You'll learn how to perform geoprocessing of vectors like buffering, spatial joins, and more

Spatial Analysis with sf and raster in R

Bayesian estimation offers a flexible alternative to modeling techniques where the inferences depend on p-values. In this course, you’ll learn how to estimate linear regression models using Bayesian methods and the rstanarm package. You’ll be introduced to prior distributions, posterior predictive model checking, and model comparisons within the Bayesian framework. You’ll also learn how to use your estimated model to make predictions for new data.

Learn how to leverage Bayesian estimation methods to make better inferences about linear regression models.

Bayesian Regression Modeling with rstanarm

When working with data, we often want to create models to predict future events, but we also want an even deeper understanding of how our data is connected or structured. In this course, you will explore the connectedness of data using using structural equation modeling (SEM) with the R programming language using the lavaan package. SEM will introduce you to latent and manifest variables and how to create measurement models, assess measurement model accuracy, and fix poor fitting models. During the course, you will explore classic SEM datasets, such as the Holzinger and Swineford (1939) and Bollen (1989) datasets. You will also work through a multi-factor model case study using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Following this course, you will be able to dive into your data and gain a much deeper understanding of how it all fits together.

Learn how to create and assess measurement models used to confirm the structure of a scale or questionnaire.

Structural Equation Modeling with lavaan in R

In this introduction to R course, you'll master the basics of this widely used open source language&mdash;including vectors, factors, lists, and data frames. With the coding skills you'll gain in this course, you'll be ready to undertake your own data analysis in R. There are millions of R users worldwide, cementing it as a leading programming language in statistics and data science. More and more organizations are using R, so begin your coding journey in one of DataCamp's most popular courses today!

Master the basics of data analysis by manipulating common data structures such as vectors, matrices, and data frames.

DataCamp's Into to R training course teaches you how to use R programming for data science at your own pace with video tutorials & interactive challenges.

Introduction to R Online

Introduction to R

A golden rule in investing is to always test the portfolio strategy on historical data, and, once you are trading the strategy, to constantly monitor its performance. In this course, you will learn this by critically analyzing portfolio returns using the package PerformanceAnalytics. The course also shows how to estimate the portfolio weights that optimally balance risk and return. This is a data-driven course that combines portfolio theory with the practice in R, illustrated on real-life examples of equity portfolios and asset allocation problems. If you'd like to continue exploring the data after you've finished this course, the data used in the first three chapters can be obtained using the tseries-package. The code to get them can be found <a href='http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/course/portfolio-analysis/data_portfolio_analysis.R' target='_blank'>here</a>. The data used in chapter 4 can be downloaded <a href='http://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/course/portfolio-analysis/prices.rds' target='_blank'>here</a>.

Apply your finance and R skills to backtest, analyze, and optimize financial portfolios.

Apply your R skills to backtest, analyze, and optimize financial portfolios. The course also shows how to estimate the weights that optimize risk and return.

Introduction to Portfolio Analysis in R

Machine learning is the study and application of algorithms that learn from and make predictions on data. From search results to self-driving cars, it has manifested itself in all areas of our lives and is one of the most exciting and fast growing fields of research in the world of data science. This course teaches the big ideas in machine learning: how to build and evaluate predictive models, how to tune them for optimal performance, how to preprocess data for better results, and much more. The popular <code>caret</code> R package, which provides a consistent interface to all of R's most powerful machine learning facilities, is used throughout the course.

This course teaches the big ideas in machine learning like how to build and evaluate predictive models.

This course teaches the big ideas in machine learning: how to build and evaluate predictive models, how to tune them for performance, and how to preprocess data

Machine Learning with caret in R

Time series are all around us, from server logs to high frequency financial data. Managing and manipulating ordered observations is central to all time series analysis. The xts and zoo packages provide a set of powerful tools to make this task fast and mistake free. In this course, you will learn everything from the basics of xts to advanced tips and tricks for working with time series data in R.

The xts and zoo packages make the task of managing and manipulating ordered observations fast and mistake free.

You will learn everything from the basics of working with the xts and zoo packages to advanced tips and tricks for working with time series data in R. 

Manipulating Time Series Data with xts and zoo in R

If you've ever done anything with financial or economic time series, you know the data come in various shapes, sizes, and periodicities. Getting the data into R can be stressful and time-consuming, especially when you need to merge data from several different sources into one data set. This course will cover importing data from local files as well as from internet sources.

Learn how to access financial data from local files as well as from internet sources.

Learn how to import and manage different financial or economic time series data into R from different sources, including local files and the internet.

Importing and Managing Financial Data in R

As a data scientist, you will need to clean data, wrangle and munge it, visualize it, build predictive models, and interpret these models. Before you can do so, however, you will need to know how to get data into Python. In this course, you'll learn the many ways to import data into Python: from flat files such as .txt and .csv; from files native to other software such as Excel spreadsheets, Stata, SAS, and MATLAB files; and from relational databases such as SQLite and PostgreSQL.

Learn to import data into Python from various sources, such as Excel, SQL, SAS and right from the web.

You'll learn the many ways to read data into Python: from flat files such as CSVs to Excel spreadsheets and relational databases in SQLite & PostgreSQL.

Introduction to Importing Data in Python

After this course on quantitative finance with R, you will be able to use R to develop a model to value a fixed interest rate bond, estimate and analyze a bond's yield (i.e., a measure of the opportunity cost of bond investors), and model techniques used to protect bond portfolios from changes in interest rates. Why value bonds? Bonds are securities issued by governments or corporations that pay interest over a fixed schedule and are the most well-known type of fixed income securities. The US fixed income market is 1.5x larger than the US stock market, but, unlike stocks, most fixed income instruments, including bonds, trade very infrequently. Consequently, a bond's price may be a less reliable indicator of its value and analytical techniques are necessary when analyzing and valuing bonds.

Learn to use R to develop models to evaluate and analyze bonds as well as protect them from interest rate changes.

Bond Valuation and Analysis in R

Object-oriented programming (OOP) lets you specify relationships between functions and the objects that they can act on, helping you manage complexity in your code. This is an intermediate level course, providing an introduction to OOP, using the S3 and R6 systems. S3 is a great day-to-day R programming tool that simplifies some of the functions that you write. R6 is especially useful for industry-specific analyses, working with web APIs, and building GUIs.

Manage the complexity in your code using object-oriented programming with the S3 and R6 systems.

Object-Oriented Programming with S3 and R6 in R

In this finance-oriented introduction to R, you will learn essential data structures such as lists and data frames and have the chance to apply that knowledge to real-world financial examples. By the end of the course, you will be comfortable with the basics of manipulating your data to perform financial analysis in R.

Learn essential data structures such as lists and data frames and apply that knowledge directly to financial examples.

Learn the essential data structures, including lists and data frames and have the chance to apply that knowledge directly to financial examples using R.

Intro to R for Finance

Introduction to R for Finance

Character strings can turn up in all stages of a data science project. You might have to clean messy string input before analysis, extract data that is embedded in text or automatically turn numeric results into a sentence to include in a report. Perhaps the strings themselves are the data of interest, and you need to detect and match patterns within them. This course will help you master these tasks by teaching you how to pull strings apart, put them back together and use stringr to detect, extract, match and split strings using regular expressions, a powerful way to express patterns.

Learn how to pull character strings apart, put them back together and use the stringr package.

In this course you will learn how to pull character strings apart, put them back together and use the stringr package.

String Manipulation with stringr in R

In Quantitative Risk Management (QRM), you will build models to understand the risks of financial portfolios. This is a vital task across the banking, insurance and asset management industries. The first step in the model building process is to collect data on the underlying risk factors that affect portfolio value and analyze their behavior. In this course, you will learn how to work with risk-factor return series, study the empirical properties or so-called "stylized facts" of these data - including their typical non-normality and volatility, and make estimates of value-at-risk for a portfolio.

Work with risk-factor return series, study their empirical properties, and make estimates of value-at-risk. 

In this course, you will work with risk-factor return series, study their empirical properties, and make estimates of value-at-risk for a portfolio.

Quantitative Risk Management in R

R is mostly optimized to help you write data analysis code quickly and readably. Apache Spark is designed to analyze huge datasets quickly. The <code>sparklyr</code> package lets you write <code>dplyr</code> R code that runs on a Spark cluster, giving you the best of both worlds. This course teaches you how to manipulate Spark DataFrames using both the <code>dplyr</code> interface and the native interface to Spark, as well as trying machine learning techniques. Throughout the course, you'll explore the Million Song Dataset.

Learn how to analyze huge datasets using Apache Spark and R using the sparklyr package.

Learn how to analyze huge datasets and manipulate Spark DataFrames using the dplyr and Spark interface, as well as trying machine learning techniques in R.

Introduction to Spark with sparklyr in R

In this course you'll learn the basics of manipulating time series data. Time series data are data that are indexed by a sequence of dates or times. You'll learn how to use methods built into Pandas to work with this index. You'll also learn how resample time series to change the frequency. This course will also show you how to calculate rolling and cumulative values for times series. Finally, you'll use all your new skills to build a value-weighted stock index from actual stock data.

In this course you'll learn the basics of working with time series data.

Manipulating Time Series Data in Python

Now that you've learned the basics of SQL in our <a href="https://learn.datacamp.com/courses/introduction-to-sql">Introduction to SQL</a> course, it's time to supercharge your queries using joins and relational set theory. In this course, you'll learn all about the power of joining tables while exploring interesting features of countries and their cities throughout the world. You will master inner and outer joins, as well as self joins, semi joins, anti joins and cross joins—fundamental tools in any PostgreSQL wizard's toolbox. Never fear set theory again after learning all about unions, intersections, and except clauses through easy-to-understand diagrams and examples. Lastly, you'll be introduced to the challenging topic of subqueries. You will be able to visually grasp these ideas by using Venn diagrams and other linking illustrations.

Join two or three tables together into one, combine tables using set theory, and work with subqueries in PostgreSQL.

Discover all the fundamental in PostgreSQL, like inner, outer self, semi, anti, and cross joins, as well as unions, intersections, and except clauses.

Joining Data in SQL

Version control is one of the power tools of programming. It allows you to keep track of what you did when, undo any changes you decide you don't want, and collaborate at scale with other people. This course will introduce you to Git, a modern version control tool that is very popular with data scientists and software developers, and show you how to use it to get more done in less time and with less pain.

This course is an introduction to version control with Git for data scientists. 

Discover Git, a popular and modern version control tool for data scientists, and how you can use it work more efficiently, quickly, and with fewer errors.

Introduction to Git

Lists can be difficult to both understand and manipulate, but they can pack a ton of information and are very powerful. In this course, you will learn to easily extract, summarize, and manipulate lists and how to export the data to your desired object, be it another list, a vector, or even something else! Throughout the course, you will work with the purrr package and a variety of datasets from the repurrrsive package, including data from Star Wars and Wes Anderson films and data collected about GitHub users and GitHub repos. Following this course, your list skills will be purrrfect!

Learn to easily summarize and manipulate lists using the purrr package.

Learn how to work with the purrr package and a variety of datasets from the repurrrsive package to extract, summarize, manipulate, and troubleshoot lists.

Foundations of Functional Programming with purrr

This course begins by reviewing slopes and intercepts in linear regressions before moving on to random-effects. You'll learn what a random effect is and how to use one to model your data. Next, the course covers linear mixed-effect regressions. These powerful models will allow you to explore data with a more complicated structure than a standard linear regression. The course then teaches generalized linear mixed-effect regressions. Generalized linear mixed-effects models allow you to model more kinds of data, including binary responses and count data. Lastly, the course goes over repeated-measures analysis as a special case of mixed-effect modeling. This kind of data appears when subjects are followed over time and measurements are collected at intervals. Throughout the course you'll work with real data to answer interesting questions using mixed-effects models.

In this course you will learn to fit hierarchical models with random effects.

Discover what a random effect is and how to use one, as well as how to use generalized linear mixed-effect regressions and repeated-measures analysis.

Hierarchical and Mixed Effect Models in R

Hierarchical and Mixed Effects Models in R

Generalized Additive Models are a powerful tool for both prediction and inference. More flexible than linear models, and more understandable than black-box methods, GAMs model relationships in data as nonlinear functions that are highly adaptable to different types of data and data science problems. In this course, you'll learn how GAMs work and how to construct them with the popular mgcv package. You'll learn how to interpret, explain and visualize your model results, and how to diagnose and fix model problems. You'll work with data sets that will show you how to apply GAMs to a variety of situations: automobile performance data for building mixed linear and nonlinear models, soil pollution data for building geospatial models, and consumer purchasing data for classification and prediction. By the end of this course, you'll have a toolbox for solving many data science problems.

GAMs model relationships in data as nonlinear functions that are highly adaptable to different types of data science problems. 

Nonlinear Modeling in R with GAMs

Have you ever been wondering what the purrr description (“A functional programming toolkit for R”) refers to? Then, you’ve come to the right place! This course will walk you through the functional programming part of purrr - in other words, you will learn how to take full advantage of the flexibility offered by the .f in map(.x, .f) to iterate other lists, vectors and data.frame with a robust, clean, and easy to maintain code. During this course, you will learn how to write your own mappers (or lambda functions), and how to use predicates and adverbs. Finally, this new knowledge will be applied to a use case, so that you’ll be able to see how you can use this newly acquired knowledge on a concrete example of a simple nested list, how to extract, keep or discard elements, how to compose functions to manipulate and parse results from this list, how to integrate purrr workflow inside other functions, how to avoid copy and pasting with purrr functional tools.

Continue learning with purrr to create robust, clean, and easy to maintain iterative code.

Intermediate Functional Programming with purrr

A majority of data is stored in databases and knowing the necessary tools needed to analyze and clean data directly in databases is indispensable. This course focuses on T-SQL, the version of SQL used in Microsoft SQL Server, needed for data analysis. You will learn several concepts in this course such as dealing with missing data, working with dates, and calculating summary statistics using advanced queries. After completing this course, you will have the skills needed to analyze data and provide insights quickly and easily.

In this course, you will use T-SQL, the flavor of SQL used in Microsoft's SQL Server for data analysis.

Learn concepts for working in  T-SQL, such as dealing with missing data, working with dates, and calculating summary statistics using advanced queries.

Intermediate SQL Server

Take your SQL Server programming to the next level. First, we demystify how to manipulate datetime data by performing temporal exploratory data analysis with the Washington DC BikeShare transactional dataset. Then, you’ll master how to create, update, and execute user-defined functions and stored procedures. You will learn the proper context for each modular programming tool and best practices. In the final chapter, you will apply all of your new skills to solve a real-world business case identifying the New York City yellow taxi utilization for each borough, and which pickup locations should be scheduled for each driver shift.

Master SQL Server programming by learning to create, update, and execute functions and stored procedures.

Writing Functions and Stored Procedures in SQL Server

So you've learned how to aggregate and join data from tables in your database—now what? How do you manipulate, transform, and make the most sense of your data? This intermediate-level course will teach you several key functions necessary to wrangle, filter, and categorize information in a relational database, expand your SQL toolkit, and answer complex questions. You will learn the robust use of CASE statements, subqueries, and window functions—all while discovering some interesting facts about soccer using the European Soccer Database.

Master the complex SQL queries necessary to answer a wide variety of data science questions and prepare robust data sets for analysis in PostgreSQL.

Intermediate SQL

You’ve already used SQL to query data from databases. But did you know that there's a lot more you can do with databases? You can model different phenomena in your data, as well as the relationships between them. This gives your data structure and consistency, which results in better data quality. In this course, you'll experience this firsthand by working with a real-life dataset that was used to investigate questionable university affiliations. Column by column, table by table, you'll get to unlock and admire the full potential of databases. You'll learn how to create tables and specify their relationships, as well as how to enforce data integrity. You'll also discover other unique features of database systems, such as constraints.

Learn how to create one of the most efficient ways of storing data - relational databases! 

Learn how to create tables and specify their relationships in SQL, as well as how to enforce data integrity and other unique features of database systems.

Introduction to Relational Databases in SQL

In this course, you will learn how to make use of the most important functions for manipulating data provided by SQL Server.  You can use these functions for processing and transforming data to get the results you want.

Learn the most important functions for manipulating, processing, and transforming data in SQL Server.

Learn how to use the most important functions for manipulating data in SQL Server to manipulate, process, and transform data to get the results you want.

Functions for Manipulating Data in SQL Server

Do you want to query complex data structures in an iterative way? Do you have access to hierarchical data structures that need to be queried? This course will teach you the tools required to solve these questions. You will learn how to write recursive queries and query hierarchical data structures. To do this, you will use Common Table Expressions (CTE) and the recursion principle on a wide variety of datasets. You will, for example, dig into a flight plan dataset and learn how to find the best and cheapest connection between two airports. After completing this course, you will understand the principle of recursion, and be able to identify and create hierarchical data models.

Learn how to write recursive queries and query hierarchical data structures.

Learn how to write recursive queries as well as query hierarchical data structures using Common Table Expressions (CTE) and the recursion principle.

Hierarchical and Recursive Queries in SQL Server

SQL Server has a robust set of tools to prepare, aggregate, and query time series data. This course will show you how to build and work with dates, parse dates from strings (and deal with invalid strings), and format dates for reporting. From there, you will see how SQL Server's built-in aggregation operators and window functions can solve important business problems like calculating running totals, finding moving averages, and displaying month-over-month differences using realistic sample data sets. You will also see how taking a different perspective on your data can solve difficult problems.

Explore ways to work with date and time data in SQL Server for time series analysis

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