Python is a general-purpose programming language that is becoming ever more popular for data science. Companies worldwide are using Python to harvest insights from their data and gain a competitive edge. Unlike other Python tutorials, this course focuses on Python specifically for data science. In our Introduction to Python course, you’ll learn about powerful ways to store and manipulate data, and helpful data science tools to begin conducting your own analyses. Start DataCamp’s online Python curriculum now.

Master the basics of data analysis in Python. Expand your skillset by learning scientific computing with numpy.

Introduction to Python

The role of a data scientist is to turn raw data into actionable insights. Much of the world's raw data—from electronic medical records to customer transaction histories—lives in organized collections of tables called relational databases. To be an effective data scientist, you must know how to wrangle and extract data from these databases using a language called SQL . This course teaches syntax in SQL shared by many types of databases, such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, and Oracle. This course teaches you everything you need to know to begin working with databases today!

Master the basics of querying tables in relational databases such as MySQL, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.

Introduction to SQL

In  Introduction to R, you will master the basics of this widely used open source language, including factors, lists, and data frames. With the knowledge gained in this course, you will be ready to undertake your first very own data analysis. Oracle estimated over 2 million R users worldwide in 2012, cementing R as a leading programming language in statistics and data science. Every year, the number of R users grows by about 40%, and an increasing number of organizations are using it in their day-to-day activities. Begin your journey to learn R with us today!

Master the basics of data analysis by manipulating common data structures such as vectors, matrices, and data frames.

DataCamp's Into to R training course teaches you how to use R programming for data science at your own pace with video tutorials & interactive challenges.

Introduction to R Online Course

Introduction to R

Learning Python is crucial for any aspiring data science practitioner. Learn to visualize real data with Matplotlib's functions and get acquainted with data structures such as the dictionary and the pandas DataFrame. After covering key concepts such as boolean logic, control flow, and loops in Python, you'll be ready to blend together everything you've learned to solve a case study using hacker statistics.

Level up your data science skills by creating visualizations using Matplotlib and manipulating DataFrames with pandas.

In this intermediate Python course, learn to visualize real data with Matplotlib's functions and get to know new data structures such as the pandas DataFrame.

Intermediate Python

Begin your journey into Data Science! Even if you've never written a line of code in your life, you'll be able to follow this course and witness the power of Python to perform Data Science. You'll use data to solve the mystery of Bayes, the kidnapped Golden Retriever, and along the way you'll become familiar with basic Python syntax and popular Data Science modules like Matplotlib (for charts and graphs) and Pandas (for tabular data).

Dive into data science using Python and learn how to effectively analyze and visualize your data.

Introduction to Data Science in Python

pandas is the world's most popular Python library, used for everything from data manipulation to data analysis. In this course, you'll learn how to manipulate DataFrames, as you extract, filter, and transform real-world datasets for analysis. Using pandas you’ll explore all the core data science concepts. Using real-world data, including Walmart sales figures and global temperature time series, you’ll learn how to import, clean, calculate statistics, and create visualizations—using pandas to add to the power of Python!

Use the world’s most popular Python data science package to manipulate data and calculate summary statistics.

Data Manipulation with pandas

Now that you've learned the basics of SQL in our <a href="https://learn.datacamp.com/courses/introduction-to-sql">Introduction to SQL</a> course,  it's time to supercharge your queries using joins and relational set theory. In this course, you'll learn all about the power of joining tables while exploring interesting features of countries and their cities throughout the world. You will master inner and outer joins, as well as self joins, semi joins, anti joins and cross joins—fundamental tools in any PostgreSQL wizard's toolbox. Never fear set theory again after learning all about unions, intersections, and except clauses through easy-to-understand diagrams and examples. Lastly, you'll be introduced to the challenging topic of subqueries. You will be able to visually grasp these ideas by using Venn diagrams and other linking illustrations.

Join two or three tables together into one, combine tables using set theory, and work with subqueries in PostgreSQL.

Learn to join tables, combine tables using set theory, and work with subqueries in PostgreSQL.

Joining Data in SQL

This is an introduction to the programming language R, focused on a powerful set of tools known as the Tidyverse. You'll learn the intertwined processes of data manipulation and visualization using the tools dplyr and ggplot2. You'll learn to manipulate data by filtering, sorting, and summarizing a real dataset of historical country data in order to answer exploratory questions. You'll then learn to turn this processed data into informative line plots, bar plots, histograms, and more with the ggplot2 package. You’ll get a taste of the value of exploratory data analysis and the power of Tidyverse tools. This is a suitable introduction for those who have no previous experience in R and are interested in performing data analysis.

Get started on the path to exploring and visualizing your own data with the tidyverse, a powerful and popular collection of data science tools within R.

Introduction to the Tidyverse

Intermediate R is the next stop on your journey in mastering the R programming language. In this R training, you will learn about conditional statements, loops, and functions to power your own R scripts. Next, make your R code more efficient and readable using the apply functions. Finally, the utilities chapter gets you up to speed with regular expressions in R, data structure manipulations, and times and dates. This course will allow you to take the next step in advancing your overall knowledge and capabilities while programming in R.

Continue your journey to becoming an R ninja by learning about conditional statements, loops, and vector functions.

DataCamp's Intermediate R course shows you how learn statistics with R through interactive video tutorials. See why over 300,000 people use DataCamp today!

Intermediate R

Machine learning is the field that teaches machines and computers to learn from existing data to make predictions on new data: Will a tumor be benign or malignant? Which of your customers will take their business elsewhere? Is a particular email spam? In this course, you'll learn how to use Python to perform supervised learning, an essential component of machine learning. You'll learn how to build predictive models, tune their parameters, and determine how well they will perform with unseen data—all while using real world datasets. You'll be using scikit-learn, one of the most popular and user-friendly machine learning libraries for Python.

Learn how to build and tune predictive models and evaluate how well they'll perform on unseen data.

Supervised Learning with scikit-learn

It's time to push forward and develop your Python chops even further. There are tons of fantastic functions in Python and its library ecosystem. However, as a data scientist, you'll constantly need to write your own functions to solve problems that are dictated by your data. You will learn the art of function writing in this first Python Data Science Toolbox course. You'll come out of this course being able to write your very own custom functions, complete with multiple parameters and multiple return values, along with default arguments and variable-length arguments. You'll gain insight into scoping in Python and be able to write lambda functions and handle errors in your function writing practice. And you'll wrap up each chapter by using your new skills to write functions that analyze Twitter DataFrames.

Learn the art of writing your own functions in Python, as well as key concepts like scoping and error handling.

Python Data Science Toolbox (Part 1)

So you've learned how to aggregate and join data from tables in your database—now what? How do you manipulate, transform, and make the most sense of your data? This intermediate-level course will teach you several key functions necessary to wrangle, filter, and categorize information in a relational database, expand your SQL toolkit, and answer complex questions. You will learn the robust use of CASE statements, subqueries, and window functions—all while discovering some interesting facts about soccer using the European Soccer Database.

Master the complex SQL queries necessary to answer a wide variety of data science questions and prepare robust data sets for analysis in PostgreSQL.

Intermediate SQL

In this second Python Data Science Toolbox course, you'll continue to build your Python data science skills. First, you'll learn about iterators, objects you have already encountered in the context of for loops. You'll then learn about list comprehensions, which are extremely handy tools for all data scientists working in Python. You'll end the course by working through a case study in which you'll apply all the techniques you learned in both parts of this course.

Continue to build your modern Data Science skills by learning about iterators and list comprehensions.

Python Data Science Toolbox (Part 2)

Visualizing data in plots and figures exposes the underlying patterns in the data and provides insights. Good visualizations also help you communicate your data to others, and are useful to data analysts and other consumers of the data. In this course, you will learn how to use Matplotlib, a powerful Python data visualization library. Matplotlib provides the building blocks to create rich visualizations of many different kinds of datasets. You will learn how to create visualizations for different kinds of data and how to customize, automate, and share these visualizations.

Learn how to create, customize, and share data visualizations using Matplotlib.

Introduction to Data Visualization with Matplotlib

Being able to combine and work with multiple datasets is an essential skill for any aspiring Data Scientist. Pandas is a crucial cornerstone of the Python data science ecosystem, with Stack Overflow recording 5 million views for pandas questions. Learn to handle multiple DataFrames by combining, organizing, joining, and reshaping them using pandas. You'll work with datasets from the World Bank and the City Of Chicago. You will finish the course with a solid skillset for data-joining in pandas.

Learn to combine data from multiple tables by joining data together using pandas.

Joining Data with pandas

What's behind the machine learning hype? In this non-technical course, you’ll learn everything you’ve been too afraid to ask about machine learning. There’s no coding required. Hands-on exercises will help you get past the jargon and learn how this exciting technology powers everything from self-driving cars to your personal Amazon shopping suggestions.

How does machine learning work, when can you use it, and what is the difference between AI and machine learning? They’re all covered. Gain skills in this hugely in-demand and influential field, and discover why machine learning is for everyone!


An introduction to machine learning with no coding involved.

Machine Learning for Everyone

As a data scientist, you will need to clean data, wrangle and munge it, visualize it, build predictive models, and interpret these models. Before you can do so, however, you will need to know how to get data into Python. In this course, you'll learn the many ways to import data into Python: from flat files such as .txt and .csv; from files native to other software such as Excel spreadsheets, Stata, SAS, and MATLAB files; and from relational databases such as SQLite and PostgreSQL.

Learn to import data into Python from various sources, such as Excel, SQL, SAS and right from the web.

You'll learn the many ways to read data into Python: from flat files such as CSVs to Excel spreadsheets and relational databases in SQLite & PostgreSQL.

Introduction to Importing Data in Python

After all of the hard work of acquiring data and getting them into a form you can work with, you ultimately want to make clear, succinct conclusions from them. This crucial last step of a data analysis pipeline hinges on the principles of statistical inference. In this course, you will start building the foundation you need to think statistically, speak the language of your data, and understand what your data is telling you. The foundations of statistical thinking took decades to build, but can be grasped much faster today with the help of computers. With the power of Python-based tools, you will rapidly get up-to-speed and begin thinking statistically by the end of this course.

Build the foundation you need to think statistically and to speak the language of your data.

Statistical Thinking in Python (Part 1)

You’ve already used SQL to query data from databases. But did you know that there's a lot more you can do with databases? You can model different phenomena in your data, as well as the relationships between them. This gives your data structure and consistency, which results in better data quality. In this course, you'll experience this firsthand by working with a real-life dataset that was used to investigate questionable university affiliations. Column by column, table by table, you'll get to unlock and admire the full potential of databases. You'll learn how to create tables and specify their relationships, as well as how to enforce data integrity. You'll also discover other unique features of database systems, such as constraints.

Learn how to create one of the most efficient ways of storing data - relational databases! 

Introduction to Relational Databases in SQL

As a Data Scientist, the majority of your time should be spent gleaning actionable insights from data -- not waiting for your code to finish running. Writing efficient Python code can help reduce runtime and save computational resources, ultimately freeing you up to do the things you love as a Data Scientist. In this course, you'll learn how to use Python's built-in data structures, functions, and modules to write cleaner, faster, and more efficient code. We'll explore how to time and profile code in order to find bottlenecks. Then, you'll practice eliminating these bottlenecks, and other bad design patterns, using Python's Standard Library, NumPy, and pandas. After completing this course, you'll have the necessary tools to start writing efficient Python code!

Learn to write efficient code that executes quickly and allocates resources skillfully to avoid unnecessary overhead.

Writing Efficient Python Code

It's commonly said that data scientists spend 80% of their time cleaning and manipulating data and only 20% of their time analyzing it. The time spent cleaning is vital since analyzing dirty data can lead you to draw inaccurate conclusions.

Data cleaning is an essential task in data science. Without properly cleaned data, the results of any data analysis or machine learning model could be inaccurate. In this course, you will learn how to identify, diagnose, and treat a variety of data cleaning problems in Python, ranging from simple to advanced. You will deal with improper data types, check that your data is in the correct range, handle missing data, perform record linkage, and more!

Learn to diagnose and treat dirty data and develop the skills needed to transform your raw data into accurate insights! 

Cleaning Data in Python

How do we get from data to answers?  Exploratory data analysis is a process for exploring datasets, answering questions, and visualizing results.  This course presents the tools you need to clean and validate data, to visualize distributions and relationships between variables, and to use regression models to predict and explain.  You'll explore data related to demographics and health, including the National Survey of Family Growth and the General Social Survey.  But the methods you learn apply to all areas of science, engineering, and business. You'll use Pandas, a powerful library for working with data, and other core Python libraries including NumPy and SciPy, StatsModels for regression, and Matplotlib for visualization.  With these tools and skills, you will be prepared to work with real data, make discoveries, and present compelling results.

Learn how to explore, visualize, and extract insights from data. 

Exploratory Data Analysis in Python

Seaborn is a powerful Python library that makes it easy to create informative and attractive visualizations. This course provides an introduction to Seaborn and teaches you how to visualize your data using plots such as scatter plots, box plots, and bar plots. You’ll do this while exploring survey responses about student hobbies and the factors that are associated with academic success. You’ll also learn about some of Seaborn’s advantages as a statistical visualization tool, such as how it automatically calculates confidence intervals. By the end of the course, you will be able to use Seaborn in a variety of situations to explore your data and effectively communicate the results of your data analyses to others.

Learn how to create informative and attractive visualizations in Python using the Seaborn library.

Introduction to Data Visualization with Seaborn

Say you have a collection of customers with a variety of characteristics such as age, location, and financial history, and you wish to discover patterns and sort them into clusters. Or perhaps you have a set of texts, such as wikipedia pages, and you wish to segment them into categories based on their content. This is the world of unsupervised learning, called as such because you are not guiding, or supervising, the pattern discovery by some prediction task, but instead uncovering hidden structure from unlabeled data. Unsupervised learning encompasses a variety of techniques in machine learning, from clustering to dimension reduction to matrix factorization. In this course, you'll learn the fundamentals of unsupervised learning and implement the essential algorithms using scikit-learn and scipy. You will learn how to cluster, transform, visualize, and extract insights from unlabeled datasets, and end the course by building a recommender system to recommend popular musical artists.

Learn how to cluster, transform, visualize, and extract insights from unlabeled datasets using scikit-learn and scipy.

Unsupervised Learning in Python

The Unix command line has survived and thrived for almost 50 years because it lets people do complex things with just a few keystrokes. Sometimes called "the universal glue of programming," it helps users combine existing programs in new ways, automate repetitive tasks, and run programs on clusters and clouds that may be halfway around the world. This course will introduce its key elements and show you how to use them efficiently.

The Unix command line helps users combine existing programs in new ways, automate repetitive tasks, and run programs on clusters and clouds. 

Introduction to Shell

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a widely used programming paradigm that reduces development times—making it easier to read, reuse, and maintain your code. OOP shifts the focus from thinking about code as a sequence of actions to looking at your program as a collection of objects that interact with each other. In this course, you’ll learn how to create classes, which act as the blueprints for every object in Python. You’ll then leverage principles called inheritance and polymorphism to reuse and optimize code. Dive in and learn how to create beautiful code that’s clean and efficient!

Dive in and learn how to create classes and leverage inheritance and polymorphism to reuse and optimize code.

Object-Oriented Programming in Python

Have you got your basic Python programming chops down for Data Science but are  yearning for more? Then this is the course for you. Herein, you'll consolidate and practice your knowledge of lists, dictionaries, tuples, sets, and date times. You'll see their relevance in working with lots of real data and how to leverage several of them in concert to solve multistep problems, including an extended case  study using Chicago metropolitan area transit data. You'll also learn how to use many of the objects in the Python Collections module, which will allow you to store and manipulate your data for a variety of Data Scientific purposes. After taking this course, you'll be ready to tackle many Data Science challenges Pythonically.

Consolidate and extend your knowledge of Python data types such as lists, dictionaries, and tuples, leveraging them to solve Data Science problems.

Data Types for Data Science in Python

You've done your analysis, built your report, and trained a model. What's next? Well, if you want to deploy your model into production, your code will need to be more reliable than exploratory scripts in a Jupyter notebook. Writing Functions in Python will give you a strong foundation in writing complex and beautiful functions so that you can contribute research and engineering skills to your team. You'll learn useful tricks, like how to write context managers and decorators. You'll also learn best practices around how to write maintainable reusable functions with good documentation. They say that people who can do good research and write high-quality code are unicorns. Take this course and discover the magic!

Learn to use best practices to write maintainable, reusable, complex functions with good documentation.

Writing Functions in Python

As a data scientist, you will need to clean data, wrangle and munge it, visualize it, build predictive models and interpret these models. Before you can do so, however, you will need to know how to get data into Python. In the prequel to this course, you learned many ways to import data into Python: from flat files such as .txt and .csv; from files native to other software such as Excel spreadsheets, Stata, SAS, and MATLAB files; and from relational databases such as SQLite and PostgreSQL. In this course, you'll extend this knowledge base by learning to import data from the web and by pulling data from Application Programming Interfaces— APIs—such as the Twitter streaming API, which allows us to stream real-time tweets.

Improve your Python data importing skills and learn to work with web and API data.

Further improve your Python data importing skills and learn to work with more web and API data.

Intermediate Importing Data in Python

Version control is one of the power tools of programming. It allows you to keep track of what you did when, undo any changes you decide you don't want, and collaborate at scale with other people. This course will introduce you to Git, a modern version control tool that is very popular with data scientists and software developers, and show you how to use it to get more done in less time and with less pain.

This course is an introduction to version control with Git for data scientists. 

Introduction to Git

After completing Statistical Thinking in Python (Part 1), you have the probabilistic mindset and foundational hacker stats skills to dive into data sets and extract useful information from them. In this course, you will do just that, expanding and honing your hacker stats toolbox to perform the two key tasks in statistical inference, parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. You will work with real data sets as you learn, culminating with analysis of measurements of the beaks of the Darwin's famous finches. You will emerge from this course with new knowledge and lots of practice under your belt, ready to attack your own inference problems out in the world.

Learn to perform the two key tasks in statistical inference: parameter estimation and hypothesis testing.

Statistical Thinking in Python (Part 2)

Decision trees are supervised learning models used for problems involving classification and regression. Tree models present a high flexibility that comes at a price: on one hand, trees are able to capture complex non-linear relationships; on the other hand, they are prone to memorizing the noise present in a dataset. By aggregating the predictions of trees that are trained differently, ensemble methods take advantage of the flexibility of trees while reducing their tendency to memorize noise. Ensemble methods are used across a variety of fields and have a proven track record of winning many machine learning competitions.
In this course, you'll learn how to use Python to train decision trees and tree-based models with the user-friendly scikit-learn machine learning library. You'll understand the advantages and shortcomings of trees and demonstrate how ensembling can alleviate these shortcomings, all while practicing on real-world datasets. Finally, you'll also understand how to tune the most influential hyperparameters in order to get the most out of your models.

In this course, you'll learn how to use tree-based models and ensembles for regression and classification using scikit-learn. 

Machine Learning with Tree-Based Models in Python

The ability to build tools capable of retrieving and parsing information stored across the internet has been and continues to be valuable in many veins of data science. In this course, you will learn to navigate and parse html code, and build tools to crawl websites automatically. Although our scraping will be conducted using the versatile Python library scrapy, many of the techniques you learn in this course can be applied to other popular Python libraries as well, including BeautifulSoup and Selenium. Upon the completion of this course, you will have a strong mental model of html structure, will be able to build tools to parse html code and access desired information, and create a simple scrapy spiders to crawl the web at scale.

Learn to retrieve and parse information from the internet using the Python library scrapy.

Web Scraping with Python

Web Scraping in Python

The financial industry is increasingly adopting Python for general-purpose programming and quantitative analysis, ranging from understanding trading dynamics to risk management systems. This course focuses specifically on introducing Python for financial analysis. Using practical examples, you will learn the fundamentals of Python data structures such as lists and arrays and learn powerful ways to store and manipulate financial data to identify trends.

This course introduces Python for financial analysis.

Introduction to Python for Finance

Now that you have learned the foundations of pandas, this course will give you the chance to apply that knowledge by answering interesting questions about a real dataset! You will explore the Stanford Open Policing Project dataset and analyze the impact of gender on police behavior. During the course, you will gain more practice cleaning messy data, creating visualizations, combining and reshaping datasets, and manipulating time series data. Analyzing Police Activity with pandas will give you valuable experience analyzing a dataset from start to finish, preparing you for your data science career!

Explore the Stanford Open Policing Project dataset and analyze the impact of gender on police behavior using pandas.

Analyzing Police Activity with pandas

You have probably come across Google News, which automatically groups similar news articles under a topic. Have you ever wondered what process runs in the background to arrive at these groups? In this course, you will be introduced to unsupervised learning through clustering using the SciPy library in Python. This course covers pre-processing of data and application of hierarchical and k-means clustering. Through the course, you will explore player statistics from a popular football video game, FIFA 18. After completing the course, you will be able to quickly apply various clustering algorithms on data, visualize the clusters formed and analyze results.

In this course, you will be introduced to unsupervised learning through techniques such as hierarchical and k-means clustering using the SciPy library. 

Cluster Analysis in Python

Do you want to make beautiful, informative visualizations with ease? If so, then you must learn seaborn! Seaborn is a visualization library that is an essential part of the python data science toolkit. In this course, you will learn how to use seaborn's sophisticated visualization tools to analyze multiple real world datasets including the American Housing Survey, college tuition data, and guests from the popular television series, The Daily Show. Following this course, you will be able to use seaborn functions to visualize your data in several different formats and customize seaborn plots for your unique needs.

Use Seaborn's sophisticated visualization tools to make beautiful, informative visualizations with ease.

Intermediate Data Visualization with Seaborn

You'll probably never have a time machine, but how about a machine for analyzing time? As soon as time enters any analysis, things can get weird. It's easy to get tripped up on day and month boundaries, time zones, daylight saving time, and all sorts of other things that can confuse the unprepared. If you're going to do any kind of analysis involving time, you’ll want to use Python to sort it out. Working with data sets on hurricanes and bike trips, we’ll cover counting events, figuring out how much time has elapsed between events and plotting data over time. You'll work in both standard Python and in Pandas, and we'll touch on the dateutil library, the only timezone library endorsed by the official Python documentation. After this course, you'll confidently handle date and time data in any format like a champion.

Learn how to work with dates and times in Python.

Working With Dates and Times in Python

Working with Dates and Times in Python

Before you can analyze data, you first have to acquire it. This course teaches you how to build pipelines to import data kept in common storage formats. You’ll use pandas, a major Python library for analytics, to get data from a variety of sources, from spreadsheets of survey responses, to a database of public service requests, to an API for a popular review site. Along the way, you’ll learn how to fine-tune imports to get only what you need and to address issues like incorrect data types. Finally, you’ll assemble a custom dataset from a mix of sources.

Learn to acquire data from common file formats and systems such as CSV files, spreadsheets, JSON, SQL databases, and APIs.

Streamlined Data Ingestion with pandas

As a data scientist, you will encounter many situations where you will need to extract key information from huge corpora of text, clean messy data containing strings, or detect and match patterns to find useful words. All of these situations are part of text mining and are an important step before applying machine learning algorithms. This course will take you through understanding compelling concepts about string manipulation and regular expressions. You will learn how to split strings, join them back together, interpolate them, as well as detect, extract, replace, and match strings using regular expressions. On the journey to master these skills, you will work with datasets containing movie reviews or streamed tweets that can be used to determine opinion, as well as with raw text scraped from the web.

Learn about string manipulation and become a master at using regular expressions.

Regular Expressions in Python

Data science isn't just for predicting ad-clicks-it's also useful for social impact! This course is a case study from a machine learning competition on DrivenData. You'll explore a problem related to school district budgeting. By building a model to automatically classify items in a school's budget, it makes it easier and faster for schools to compare their spending with other schools. In this course, you'll begin by building a baseline model that is a simple, first-pass approach. In particular, you'll do some natural language processing to prepare the budgets for modeling. Next, you'll have the opportunity to try your own techniques and see how they compare to participants from the competition. Finally, you'll see how the winner was able to combine a number of expert techniques to build the most accurate model.

Learn how to build a model to automatically classify items in a school budget.

This course is a case study from a machine learning competition on DrivenData. Learn how to build a model to automatically classify items in a school budget.

Case Study: School Budgeting with Machine Learning in Python

In this course you'll learn the basics of manipulating time series data. Time series data are data that are indexed by a sequence of dates or times. You'll learn how to use methods built into Pandas to work with this index. You'll also learn how resample time series to change the frequency. This course will also show you how to calculate rolling and cumulative values for times series. Finally, you'll use all your new skills to build a value-weighted stock index from actual stock data.

In this course you'll learn the basics of working with time series data.

Manipulating Time Series Data in Python

In this course, you'll learn the basics of using SQL with Python. This will be useful because databases are ubiquitous and data scientists, analysts, and engineers must interact with them constantly. The Python SQL toolkit SQLAlchemy provides an accessible and intuitive way to query, build, and write to essential databases, including SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.

In this course, you'll learn the basics of relational databases and how to interact with them.

Learn to use SQLAlchemy with Python to build and write SQLite, MySQL, Postgresql databases, and more.

Introduction to Databases in Python

Every data science project needs unit testing. It comes with huge benefits - saving a lot of development and maintenance time, improving documentation, increasing end-user trust and reducing downtime of productive systems. As a result, unit testing has become a must-have skill in the industry, used by almost every company. This course teaches unit testing in Python using the most popular testing framework pytest. By the end of this course, you will have written a complete test suite for a data science project. In the process, you will learn to write unit tests for data preprocessors, models and visualizations, interpret test results and fix any buggy code. You will also learn advanced concepts like TDD, test organization, fixtures and mocking so that you can test your own data science projects properly.

Learn how to write unit tests for your Data Science projects in Python using pytest.

Unit Testing for Data Science in Python

Data scientists can experience huge benefits by learning concepts from the field of software engineering, allowing them to more easily reutilize their code and share it with collaborators. In this course, you'll learn all about the important ideas of modularity, documentation, & automated testing, and you'll see how they can help you solve Data Science problems quicker and in a way that will make future you happy. You'll even get to use your acquired software engineering chops to write your very own Python package for performing text analytics.

Learn about modularity, documentation, and automated testing to help you solve data science problems more quickly and reliably.

Software Engineering for Data Scientists in Python

Statistics is the study of how to collect, analyze, and draw conclusions from data. It’s a hugely valuable tool that you can use to bring the future into focus and infer the answer to tons of questions. For example, what is the likelihood of someone purchasing your product, how many calls will your support team receive, and how many jeans sizes should you manufacture to fit 95% of the population? In this course, you'll discover how to answer questions like these as you grow your statistical skills and learn how to calculate averages, use scatterplots to show the relationship between numeric values, and calculate correlation. You'll also tackle probability, the backbone of statistical reasoning, and learn how to use Python to conduct a well-designed study to draw your own conclusions from data.

Grow your statistical skills and learn how to collect, analyze, and draw accurate conclusions from data using Python.

Introduction to Statistics in Python

Are you a financial or business analyst, or simply looking for an easier way to manage your stock portfolio? If so learning Python can automate financial tasks such as calculating risk, mapping market health, and visualizing a stock's price trends, saving you time and money.

In this course, you’ll learn how to use Python data structures, execution control statements, and DataFrames to manipulate financial data. You will then work with pandas, using data from the Federal Reserve Bank, to explore national economic trends—an essential part of understanding investment strategies. You will also calculate risk based on stock price data, and display this data in easy to read plots. By the end of this course, you’ll be the new Python of Wall Street.

Build on top of your Python skills for Finance, by learning how to use datetime, if-statements, DataFrames, and more.

Intermediate Python for Finance

If you want to apply your new 'Python for Data Science' skills to real-world financial data, then this course will give you some very valuable tools.
First, you will learn how to get data out of Excel into pandas and back. Then, you will learn how to pull stock prices from various online APIs like
Google or Yahoo! Finance, macro data from the Federal Reserve, and exchange rates from OANDA. Finally, you will learn how to calculate returns for various time horizons,
analyze stock performance by sector for IPOs, and calculate and summarize correlations.


In this course, you'll learn how to import and manage financial data in Python using various tools and sources.

Importing and Managing Financial Data in Python

Do you find yourself copying and pasting the same code between files, wishing it was easier to reuse and share your awesome snippets? Wrapping your code into Python packages can help! In this course, you’ll learn about package structure and the extra files needed to turn loose code into convenient packages. You'll also learn about import structure, documentation, and how to maintain code style using flake8. You’ll then speed up your package development by building templates, using cookiecutter to create package skeletons. Finally, you'll learn how to use setuptools and twine to build and publish your packages to PyPI—the world stage for Python packages.

Learn to create your own Python packages to make your code easier to use and share with others.

Developing Python Packages

Understanding the basic principles of finance is essential for making important financial decisions ranging from taking out a student loan to constructing an investment portfolio. Combining basic financial knowledge with Python will allow you to construct some very powerful tools. You'll come out of this course understanding the time value of money, how to compare potential projects and how to make rational, data-driven financial decisions.

Using Python and NumPy, learn the most fundamental financial concepts. 

Introduction to Financial Concepts in Python

Python is now well established as a major platform for data analysis and data science. For many data scientists, the largest limitation of Python is that all data must fit into the resident memory of the available workstation. Further, traditionally, Python has only been able to utilize one CPU. Data scientists constantly ask, "How can I read and process large amounts of data?" and "How can I make use of more computational processing resources?" This course will introduce you to Dask, a flexible parallel computing library for analytic computing. With Dask, you will be able to take the Python workflows you currently have and easily scale them up to large datasets on your workstation without the need to migrate to a distributed computing environment.


Learn how to take the Python workflows you currently have and easily scale them up to large datasets without the need for distributed computing environments.

Parallel Programming with Dask in Python

The ability to efficiently work with big datasets and extract valuable information is an indispensable tool for every aspiring data scientist. When working with a small amount of data, we often don’t realize how slow code execution can be. This course will build on your knowledge of Python and the pandas library and introduce you to efficient built-in pandas functions to perform tasks faster. Pandas’ built-in functions allow you to tackle the simplest tasks, like targeting specific entries and features from the data, to the most complex tasks, like applying functions on groups of entries, much faster than Python's usual methods. By the end of this course, you will be able to apply a function to data based on a feature value, iterate through big datasets rapidly, and manipulate data belonging to different groups efficiently. You will apply these methods on a variety of real-world datasets, such as poker hands or restaurant tips.

Learn efficient techniques in pandas to optimize your Python code.

Writing Efficient Code with pandas

Have you ever had wondered whether an investment fund is actually a good investment? Or compared two investment options and asked what the difference between the two is? What does the risk indicator of these funds even mean? Or do you frequently work with financial data in your daily job and you want to get an edge? In this course, you’re going to get familiar with the exciting world of investing, by learning about portfolios, risk and return, and how to critically analyze them. By working on actual historical stock data, you’ll learn how to calculate meaningful measures of risk, how to break-down performance, and how to calculate an optimal portfolio for the desired risk and return trade-off. After this course, you’ll be able to make data-driven decisions when it comes to investing and have a better understanding of investment portfolios.

Learn how to calculate meaningful measures of risk and performance, and how to compile an optimal portfolio for the desired risk and return trade-off. 

Introduction to Portfolio Analysis in Python

Build a machine learning model to predict if a credit card application will get approved. 


Commercial banks receive a lot of applications for credit cards. Many of them get rejected 
for many reasons, like high loan balances, low income levels, or too many inquiries on an 
individual's credit report, for example. Manually analyzing these applications is mundane, 
error-prone, and time-consuming (and time is money!). Luckily, this task can be automated with 
the power of machine learning and pretty much every commercial bank does so nowadays. 
In this project, you will build an automatic credit card approval predictor using machine learning 
techniques, just like the real banks do.

The dataset used in this project is the [Credit Card Approval dataset](http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/credit+approval) from the UCI Machine Learning Repository.


Predicting Credit Card Approvals

Reanalyse the data behind one of the most important discoveries of modern medicine: handwashing.


In 1847, the Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis made a breakthough discovery:
he discovers handwashing. Contaminated hands was a major cause of childbed fever
and by enforcing handwashing at his hospital he saved hundreds of lives. 


Dr. Semmelweis and the Discovery of Handwashing

Explore a dataset from Kaggle containing a century's worth of Nobel Laureates. Who won? Who got snubbed?



The Nobel Prize is perhaps the world's most well known scientific award. Every
year it is given to scientists and scholars in chemistry,
literature, physics, medicine, economics, and peace. The first Nobel
Prize was handed out in 1901, and at that time the prize was Eurocentric and
male-focused, but nowadays it's not biased in any way. Surely, right?

Well, let's find out! What characteristics do the prize winners have? Which
country gets it most often? And has anybody gotten it twice? It's up to you to
figure this out.

The [dataset](https://www.kaggle.com/nobelfoundation/nobel-laureates) used in this project is from The Nobel Foundation on Kaggle.


A Visual History of Nobel Prize Winners

Apply the foundational Python skills you learned in Introduction to Python and Intermediate Python by manipulating and visualizing movie and TV data.



In this project, you’ll apply the skills you learned in Introduction to Python and Intermediate Python to solve a real-world data science problem. You’ll press “watch next episode” to discover if Netflix’s movies are getting shorter over time and which guest stars appear in the most popular episode of "The Office", using everything from lists and loops to pandas and matplotlib.

You’ll also gain experience in an essential data science skill — exploratory data analysis. This will allow you to perform critical tasks such as manipulating raw data and drawing conclusions from plots you create of the data. Press play to begin!


Investigating Netflix Movies and Guest Stars in The Office

In this project, you’ll apply the skills you learned in Introduction to Python and Intermediate Python to solve a real-world data science problem. You’ll press “watch next episode” to discover if Netflix’s movies are getting shorter over time and which guest stars appear in the most popular episode of "The Office", using everything from lists and loops to pandas and matplotlib.

You’ll also gain experience in an essential data science skill — exploratory data analysis. This will allow you to perform critical tasks such as manipulating raw data and drawing conclusions from plots you create of the data. Press play to begin!


Find the true Scala experts by exploring its development history in Git and GitHub.


Open source projects contain entire development histories, such as who made changes, the changes themselves, and code reviews. 
In this project, you'll be challenged to read in, clean
up, and visualize the real-world project repository of 
Scala that spans data from a version control system (Git)
as well as a project hosting site (GitHub). With almost
30,000 commits and a history spanning over ten years, Scala
is a mature language. You will find out who has had the
most influence on its development and who are the experts.

The dataset includes the project history of
[Scala](http://www.scala-lang.org) retrieved from Git and
GitHub as a set of CSV files.


The GitHub History of the Scala Language

Use pandas to calculate and compare profitability and risk of different investments using the Sharpe Ratio.


When you assess whether to invest in an asset, you want to look not only 
at how much money you could make but also at how much risk you are taking. 
The Sharpe Ratio, developed by Nobel Prize winner William Sharpe some 
50 years ago, does precisely this: it compares the return of an investment 
to that of an alternative and relates the relative return to the risk of
the investment, measured by the standard deviation of returns.

In this project, you will apply the Sharpe ratio to real financial data using pandas.


Risk and Returns: The Sharpe Ratio

Load, clean, and visualize scraped Google Play Store data to gain insights into the Android app market.



Mobile apps are everywhere. They are easy to create and can be lucrative. Because of these two factors, more and more apps are being developed. In this project, you will do a comprehensive analysis of the Android app market by comparing over ten thousand apps in Google Play across different categories. You'll look for insights in the data to devise strategies to drive growth and retention.
The [data](https://www.kaggle.com/lava18/google-play-store-apps) for this project was scraped from the [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps?hl=en) website. While there are many popular datasets for Apple App Store, there aren't many for Google Play apps, which is partially due to the increased difficulty in scraping the latter as compared to the former. The data files are as follows:
-  `apps.csv `: contains all the details of the apps on Google Play. These are the features that describe an app.
- `user_reviews.csv`: contains 100 reviews for each app, [most helpful first](https://www.androidpolice.com/2019/01/21/google-play-stores-redesigned-ratings-and-reviews-section-lets-you-easily-filter-by-star-rating/). The text in each review has been pre-processed, passed through a sentiment analyzer engine and tagged with its sentiment score.


The Android App Market on Google Play

Use data manipulation and visualization to explore one of two different television broadcast datasets: The Super Bowl and hit sitcom The Office!


With Intermediate Python under your belt, you can already analyze and extract meaningful insights from various sources. 
For this set of projects, you will use a combination of data manipulation and visualization to explore television data. 

In this project's guided variant, you will look at Super Bowl Data, generating insights into game outcomes, viewership, and even halftime shows. 
In the unguided variant of this project, you'll develop an informative plot that helps to visualize the viewership and quality of The Office
throughout its nine seasons.


Analyzing TV Data

If you've never done a DataCamp project, this is the place to start! 


This is an introduction to DataCamp projects. DataCamp projects allow you to apply 
the skills you have learned in DataCamp courses. In each project, you will carry out 
an end-to-end analysis on real-world tasks using real-world tools and workflows.

In doing so, you will learn how to work with Jupyter notebooks: an open-source web 
application that is great for interactive data analysis.


Introduction to DataCamp Projects

Are you ready to gain the foundational skills you need to become a Python programmer? In this track, you'll learn the Python basics you need to start on your programming journey, including how to clean real-world data ready for analysis, use data visualization libraries, and even how to write your own Python functions.

Your instructor Hugo will introduce you to how companies worldwide use Python to gain a competitive edge. Through hands-on coding exercises you’ll then learn how to store, manipulate, and explore data using NumPy. Then it’s time to level-up as you learn how to visualize your data using Matplotlib, manipulate DataFrames and dictionaries using pandas, and write your own functions and list comprehension. Start this track to add these essential Python skills to your data science toolbox.

Grow your programmer skills. Discover how to manipulate dictionaries and DataFrames, visualize real-world data, and write your own Python functions.

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