Combining Plots in R

R makes it easy to combine multiple plots into one overall graph, using either thepar( ) or layout( ) function.

With the par( ) function, you can include the option mfrow=c(nrows, ncols) to create a matrix of nrows x ncols plots that are filled in by row. mfcol=c(nrows, ncols) fills in the matrix by columns.

# 4 figures arranged in 2 rows and 2 columns
attach(mtcars)
par(mfrow=c(2,2))
plot(wt,mpg, main="Scatterplot of wt vs. mpg")
plot(wt,disp, main="Scatterplot of wt vs disp")
hist(wt, main="Histogram of wt")
boxplot(wt, main="Boxplot of wt")Funcționează cu

# 3 figures arranged in 3 rows and 1 column
attach(mtcars)
par(mfrow=c(3,1))
hist(wt)
hist(mpg)
hist(disp)Funcționează cu

The layout( ) function has the form layout(mat) where mat is a matrix object specifying the location of the N figures to plot.

# One figure in row 1 and two figures in row 2
attach(mtcars)
layout(matrix(c(1,1,2,3), 2, 2, byrow = TRUE))
hist(wt)
hist(mpg)
hist(disp)Funcționează cu

Optionally, you can include widths= and heights= options in the layout( ) function to control the size of each figure more precisely. These options have the form:

• widths= a vector of values for the widths of columns
• heights= a vector of values for the heights of rows

Relative widths are specified with numeric values. Absolute widths (in centimetres) are specified with the lcm() function.

# One figure in row 1 and two figures in row 2
# row 1 is 1/3 the height of row 2
# column 2 is 1/4 the width of the column 1
attach(mtcars)
layout(matrix(c(1,1,2,3), 2, 2, byrow = TRUE),
  widths=c(3,1), heights=c(1,2))
hist(wt)
hist(mpg)
hist(disp)Funcționează cu

See help(layout) for more details.

Creating a figure arrangement with fine control

In the following example, two box plots are added to scatterplot to create an enhanced graph.

# Add boxplots to a scatterplot
par(fig=c(0,0.8,0,0.8), new=TRUE)
plot(mtcars$wt, mtcars$mpg, xlab="Car Weight",
  ylab="Miles Per Gallon")
par(fig=c(0,0.8,0.55,1), new=TRUE)
boxplot(mtcars$wt, horizontal=TRUE, axes=FALSE)
par(fig=c(0.65,1,0,0.8),new=TRUE)
boxplot(mtcars$mpg, axes=FALSE)
mtext("Enhanced Scatterplot", side=3, outer=TRUE, line=-3)Funcționează cu

To understand this graph, think of the full graph area as going from (0,0) in the lower left corner to (1,1) in the upper right corner. The format of the fig= parameter is a numerical vector of the form c(x1, x2, y1, y2). The first fig= sets up the scatterplot going from 0 to 0.8 on the x axis and 0 to 0.8 on the y axis. The top boxplot goes from 0 to 0.8 on the x axis and 0.55 to 1 on the y axis. I chose 0.55 rather than 0.8 so that the top figure will be pulled closer to the scatter plot. The right hand boxplot goes from 0.65 to 1 on the x axis and 0 to 0.8 on the y axis. Again, I chose a value to pull the right hand boxplot closer to the scatterplot. You have to experiment to get it just right.

fig= starts a new plot, so to add to an existing plot use new=TRUE.

You can use this to combine several plots in any arrangement into one graph.

To Practice

Try the free first chapter of this interactive data visualization course, which covers combining plots.

This content is taken from statmethods.net.