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Introduction to Shell

GrundläggandeKunskapsnivå

Uppdaterad 2026-02

The Unix command line helps users combine existing programs in new ways, automate repetitive tasks, and run programs on clusters and clouds.

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ShellProgramming

4 tim

55 Övningar

4,650 XP

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Kursbeskrivning

The Unix command line has survived and thrived for almost 50 years because it lets people do complex things with just a few keystrokes. Sometimes called "the universal glue of programming," it helps users combine existing programs in new ways, automate repetitive tasks, and run programs on clusters and clouds that may be halfway around the world. This course will introduce its key elements and show you how to use them efficiently.The course glossary can be found on the right in the resources section. To obtain CPE credits you need to complete the course and reach a score of 70% on the qualified assessment. You can navigate to the assessment by clicking on the CPE credits callout on the right.

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1

Manipulating files and directories

This chapter is a brief introduction to the Unix shell. You'll learn why it is still in use after almost 50 years, how it compares to the graphical tools you may be more familiar with, how to move around in the shell, and how to create, modify, and delete files and folders.

How does the shell compare to a desktop interface?

Where am I?

How can I identify files and directories?

How else can I identify files and directories?

How can I move to another directory?

How can I move up a directory?

How can I copy files?

How can I move a file?

How can I rename files?

How can I delete files?

How can I create and delete directories?

Wrapping up

2

Manipulating data

The commands you saw in the previous chapter allowed you to move things around in the filesystem. This chapter will show you how to work with the data in those files. The tools we’ll use are fairly simple, but are solid building blocks.

How can I view a file's contents?

How can I view a file's contents piece by piece?

How can I look at the start of a file?

How can I type less?

How can I control what commands do?

How can I list everything below a directory?

How can I get help for a command?

How can I select columns from a file?

What can't cut do?

How can I repeat commands?

How can I select lines containing specific values?

Why isn't it always safe to treat data as text?

3

Combining tools

The real power of the Unix shell lies not in the individual commands, but in how easily they can be combined to do new things. This chapter will show you how to use this power to select the data you want, and introduce commands for sorting values and removing duplicates.

How can I store a command's output in a file?

How can I use a command's output as an input?

What's a better way to combine commands?

How can I combine many commands?

How can I count the records in a file?

How can I specify many files at once?

What other wildcards can I use?

How can I sort lines of text?

How can I remove duplicate lines?

How can I save the output of a pipe?

How can I stop a running program?

Wrapping up

4

Batch processing

Most shell commands will process many files at once. This chapter shows you how to make your own pipelines do that. Along the way, you will see how the shell uses variables to store information.

How does the shell store information?

How can I print a variable's value?

How else does the shell store information?

How can I repeat a command many times?

How can I repeat a command once for each file?

How can I record the names of a set of files?

A variable's name versus its value

How can I run many commands in a single loop?

Why shouldn't I use spaces in filenames?

How can I do many things in a single loop?

5

Creating new tools

History lets you repeat things with just a few keystrokes, and pipes let you combine existing commands to create new ones. In this chapter, you will see how to go one step further and create new commands of your own.

How can I edit a file?

How can I record what I just did?

How can I save commands to re-run later?

How can I re-use pipes?

How can I pass filenames to scripts?

How can I process a single argument?

How can one shell script do many things?

How can I write loops in a shell script?

What happens when I don't provide filenames?

Introduction to Shell

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