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什么是 Python?入门所需的一切

在本综合指南中探索 Python 的强大与多样性。从历史与流行度到实际应用,以及分步学习路径,了解掌握 Python 并推进您的编程职业所需的一切。
更新 2026年8月31日  · 15分钟

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Python Programming

NASA、Spotify、Google 和摩根大通有什么共同点?这些公司每天都在使用 Python。

Python 是一种功能强大且用途广泛的编程语言,在各种技术解决方案中发挥着关键作用。从 Web 应用、搜索引擎、游戏到动画软件,甚至其他编程语言,Python 都站在创新的核心位置。

近年来,Python 的受欢迎程度激增,成为全球使用最广泛的编程语言之一。其应用正扩展到全新且令人兴奋的领域,如人工智能、机器学习和数据科学。

事实上,得益于稳定的增长和广泛的使用,Python 位居 TIOBE 指数榜首。鉴于其广泛采用和多面性,如今了解 Python 比以往任何时候都更重要。

在这份全面指南中,我们将探索 Python 的世界、它的历史、走红之路、所支持的多种职业路径,以及更多内容。

什么是 Python?

Python 是一种功能强大、易读易写的高级编程语言。它遵循面向对象编程范式,即围绕对象而非动作来组织代码,使开发者上手直观、效率更高。

Python 的设计哲学强调代码的可读性与简洁性,让开发者在规模大小各异的项目中都能编写清晰、逻辑严谨的代码。作为高级语言,Python 屏蔽了大量底层复杂性,使开发者可以把精力集中在解决问题上,而无需过多操心底层技术细节。

Python 位于我们日常使用的诸多技术与应用的核心。例如,YouTube 使用它进行视频处理,搜索引擎则借助它处理海量数据。

为什么 Python  流行

Python 一直被评为全球最受欢迎的编程语言之一。事实上,Python 多次在 TIOBE 编程社区指数中夺得榜首,包括 2023 年,这巩固了其作为开发者首选语言的地位。

在 2024 年的 Stack Overflow 开发者调查中,Python 被评为最常用且最受青睐的编程语言。这一持续排名凸显了 Python 在各个领域的影响力与广泛采用。

Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2024

Stack Overflow 开发者调查 2024 编程语言部分结果。

Python 的流行可归因于多方面因素:

1. Python 多才多艺且灵活

Python 是一门通用语言,这意味着它可以用于创建各种应用。从 Web 开发到数据分析,从人工智能到科学计算,Python 的多面性无可比拟。

例如,数据科学家使用 Python 来生成可视化并处理数据,而 Web 开发者则用它构建动态网站。

2. Python 简单易学

Python 简洁清晰的语法使其成为初学者的理想语言。其命令以英语为基础,直观的结构有助于新手更容易理解代码。这种简洁性也让 Python 非常适合快速开发与原型制作,缩短从想法到实现的时间。

如果您想开始学习 Python,不妨看看我们的Python 入门课程。

3. Python 是开源的

Python 的开源特性催生了庞大的库与框架生态。无论您需要 Web 开发工具(Django、Flask)、数据分析(pandas、NumPy)、机器学习(TensorFlow、scikit-learn)还是其他任务,Python 都有相应的库可用。

这些丰富的资源加速了开发进程,让开发者专注于解决问题,而非重复造轮子。

4. Python 拥有强大的社区支持

Python 拥有庞大且活跃的开发者社区,不断推动其持续改进。这意味着有无数教程、论坛和文档可供新手与有经验的开发者查阅。

繁荣的社区也促进了新工具、库与框架的诞生,进一步增强了 Python 的能力。

5. Python 无处不在

Python 在各行各业的广泛应用,使其成为开发者的宝贵技能。全球各地的公司,从 Google、Facebook 等科技巨头到摩根大通等金融机构,都依赖 Python 解决技术问题。

这种普及确保了Python 开发者的高需求度,是明智的职业选择。

6. Python 持续演进

Python 不断发展以满足现代开发者的需求。近期版本如 Python 3.10 与 3.11 引入了显著的性能改进与新特性,使语言始终保持高效与相关性。

结果是,越来越多的人掌握并愿意在自己的项目中使用或向他人推荐 Python。

Python 与其他编程语言的比较

特性 Python Java JavaScript C++
语法简洁度
学习曲线 平缓 适中 平缓 陡峭
性能 中等 中等 极高
使用场景 多用途 企业级 Web 系统、游戏
库与框架 丰富 丰富 丰富 丰富

Python

Python 最早在 20 世纪 80 年代末被构想为 ABC 编程语言的继任者。尽管 ABC 具备高级能力且语法简洁,但其局限性阻碍了广泛采用。

ABC 旨在取代可追溯到 1964 年的 BASIC。虽然 ABC 提供了许多有用特性,但它缺乏可扩展性与灵活性,主要用于教学。这些限制促使其创造者开发一门新语言,既保留 ABC 的优点,又弥补其不足。

Python 的第一个版本 0.9.0 于 1991 年在 alt.sources(一个早期的源码共享论坛)发布。该初始版本已具备如今定义 Python 的诸多核心方面,包括面向对象设计、模块系统、函数、异常处理,以及列表、字典、字符串等基本数据类型。

自从作为改进 ABC 的项目起步以来,Python 已显著演进,成长为全球最受欢迎和广泛使用的编程语言之一。其发展受到强大社区的推动,并始终强调简洁与可读性,因而在众多领域深受开发者青睐。

谁发明了 Python?

Python 由 Guido van Rossum 在荷兰的 Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica(CWI)工作期间发明。Van Rossum 深度参与 ABC 语言的开发,但对其多项限制与不可扩展性感到沮丧:

“我对 ABC 语言有不少不满,但也喜欢它的许多特性。无法扩展 ABC(或其实现)来弥补我的抱怨——事实上,缺乏可扩展性是它最大的问题之一。”——Guido van Rossum

出于打造更灵活、更强大语言的愿望,van Rossum 于 1989 年假期期间将 Python 作为业余项目开始开发。他以英国喜剧团体 Monty Python 命名该语言,体现其幽默感。

在其职业生涯中,van Rossum 始终深度参与 Python 的发展。他担任“终身仁慈独裁者”(BDFL),引领语言演进,直至 2018 年卸任。他对软件开发领域的贡献不止于 Python,还包括在 Google 使用的代码审查工具 Mondrian 的创建。

尽管他的名字或许不如 Steve Jobs 或 Bill Gates 那般广为人知,但 Guido van Rossum 的工作已对全球软件开发与技术产生深远影响。

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FAQs

Who is the owner of Python?

No one really owns Python per se because it's an open-source programming language. The Python Software Foundation (PSF) holds the intellectual property rights for the language.

A non-profit organization, the PSF was founded in March 2001 and lists its aims as promoting and advancing Python.

Is Python better than R for data science?

Not better, but with simpler syntax and more varied application.  As data science tools, Python and R are both incredibly powerful and useful.  R tends to be used more in academic platforms, with Python being used more commercially.

This is hardly surprising, as Python has a more readable syntax and is also able to used for software and web development, making it more popular due to its wider application.

What programming language should be tackled first in data science?

Python and SQL are ideal programming languages for beginners. It should be noted that programming languages are not specifically designed for beginners, but some (Python, SQL) are much easier to learn than others. 

An added bonus to learning Python or SQL is that both are popular languages for data science, a well-paid field where professionals are in demand. 

Who invented the Python language?

Guido van Rossum invented Python in the late 1980s. The first publicly available version of Python was 0.9.0, which was released in 1991. 

Van Rossum’s work on Python was an important contribution to software development and technology in general. Today, Python is one of the most commonly used programming languages. Its ease of use, versatility, and flexibility make it ideal for a broad variety of tasks.

Should I learn HTML before learning Python?

It depends on your goals. For example, if you want to be a data scientist, there’s no need to know HTML before learning Python. 

If you primarily want to become a web designer or developer, you’ll need to learn HTML.

Hypertext markup language (aka HTML) is everywhere on the web, so it’s never a bad idea to learn this language, but it’s not a general-purpose programming language like Python is.  

How can I start learning Python?

Start learning Python with DataCamp’s online Introduction to Python course. This free course covers Python basics and fundamentals.

After you've completed the introductory course, you can continue learning Python online at your own pace with DataCamp.

You don't need to download any software, all you need is an internet connection and a browser. DataCamp has a dedicated coding platform where students can practice their new skills.

Can businesses use Python for free?

Yes, Python is free for all users, whether they’re individuals or businesses. Major companies such as Google, Uber, PayPal, and many others use Python for all sorts of things.

Python has an OSI-approved open-source license, meaning it can be used for individual or commercial purposes.

Is Python based on ABC?

Python was heavily influenced by the ABC programming language. Guido van Rossum invented Python after working with ABC for a number of years. He found some issues with ABC and things he didn’t like, so he decided to come up with an alternative.

Today, Python is among the world’s most popular and commonly used programming languages. In comparison, ABC is rarely used.

Can I learn to code on my own?

Sure, but it’s going to be a long and potentially rocky journey. The better way to learn to code is with a recognized training provider. 

DataCamp offers introductory, intermediate, and advanced courses in several coding languages. Our proven teaching method makes learning to code engaging and fun. The best bit is that many of our courses are completely free, so you can try a coding language and see if you like it.

How does Python make money?

Python doesn’t make money. The Python Software Foundation (PSF) is a non-profit organization and doesn’t financially gain from Python.

To cover its running costs, the PSF has corporate sponsors such as Microsoft. It also runs the North American PyCon conference, accepts donations, and offers a paid associate membership option.

Do Python developers make more than Java developers?

Python developers may make more on average than Java developers. 

According to 2022 data from Indeed, the average Python developer salary in the U.S. is $113,114 while the average Java developer salary is $105,925. 

Of course, these figures vary according to developers’ experience levels, geographic location, and the companies they work for. 

Can I learn Python in under a month?

It depends. If you have prior experience with another programming language such as Java or C++, you might be able to learn Python in less than a month.

Python is one of the easiest programming languages to learn, so even beginners can get a basic grasp of this language within a few weeks. Becoming fully fluent can take a little bit longer, but you can add to your Python knowledge and build upon your skills as you practice.

DataCamp has Python skill and career tracks designed to expedite your learning and get you coding in Python from the outset. 

Is learning Python worth it in 2024?

Yes! Employers from numerous sectors and industries need people with Python skills, in fact, Python is in high demand in 2024. 

Plus, programmers, developers, and data scientists who can work in Python generally command a healthy annual salary of above US$100,000. Python’s use is also expected to increase, so learning this language is absolutely worth it in 2024.

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