Python 抽象类：全面指南与示例

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Shape(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def perimeter(self):
        pass

class Circle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    def area(self):
        return 3.14159 * self.radius ** 2

    def perimeter(self):
        return 2 * 3.14159 * self.radius

# Uncommenting the following line will raise an error because we’re missing method implementations
# shape = Shape() # TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Shape with abstract methods #area, perimeter

circle = Circle(5)
print(f"Area: {circle.area()}")
print(f"Perimeter: {circle.perimeter()}")

# Area: 78.53975
# Perimeter: 31.4159技术支持

class Rectangle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, width, height):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height

    # Missing area and perimeter implementation

# This will raise an error
rectangle = Rectangle(5, 10)

# TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Rectangle with abstract methods area, perimeter技术支持

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Vehicle(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def start_engine(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def stop_engine(self):
        pass

class Car(Vehicle):
    def start_engine(self):
        print("Car engine started")

    def stop_engine(self):
        print("Car engine stopped")

# Instantiating the abstract class directly will raise an error
# vehicle = Vehicle()

car = Car()
car.start_engine()
car.stop_engine()

# Car engine started
# Car engine stopped技术支持

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Vehicle(ABC):
    def __init__(self, brand):
        self.brand = brand

    @abstractmethod
    def start_engine(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def stop_engine(self):
        pass

class Motorcycle(Vehicle):
    def start_engine(self):
        print(f"{self.brand} motorcycle engine started")

    def stop_engine(self):
        print(f"{self.brand} motorcycle engine stopped")

motorcycle = Motorcycle("Yamaha")
motorcycle.start_engine()
motorcycle.stop_engine()
# Yamaha motorcycle engine started
# Yamaha motorcycle engine stopped技术支持

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Appliance(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def turn_on(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def turn_off(self):
        pass

class WashingMachine(Appliance):
    def turn_on(self):
        print("Washing machine is now ON")

    def turn_off(self):
        print("Washing machine is now OFF")

machine = WashingMachine()
machine.turn_on()
machine.turn_off()

# Washing machine is now ON
# Washing machine is now OFF技术支持

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Animal(ABC):
    @property
    @abstractmethod
    def sound(self):
        pass

class Bird(Animal):
    @property
    def sound(self):
        return "Chirp"

bird = Bird()
print(bird.sound)

# Chirp技术支持