MySQL ROUND() Function
The `ROUND()` function in MySQL is used to round a numeric value to a specified number of decimal places. It is particularly useful in scenarios where precision is required for financial calculations, reporting, or data analysis.
Usage
The `ROUND()` function is commonly used to control the number of decimal places in a numeric output, enhancing readability and precision. It can be applied in `SELECT` statements, among others, for rounding purposes.
ROUND(number, decimals)
In this syntax, `number` is the numeric value to be rounded, and `decimals` is the number of decimal places to round to. If `decimals` is omitted, the number is rounded to the nearest integer. `ROUND()` follows standard rounding rules, rounding towards the nearest value. For midpoint values (e.g., `0.5`), it rounds away from zero.
Examples
1. Basic Rounding
SELECT ROUND(123.456);
This example rounds the number `123.456` to the nearest integer, resulting in `123`.
2. Specifying Decimal Places
SELECT ROUND(123.456, 2);
Here, the number `123.456` is rounded to two decimal places, yielding `123.46`.
3. Rounding Negative Numbers
SELECT ROUND(-123.456, 1);
In this example, the negative number `-123.456` is rounded to one decimal place, resulting in `-123.5`.
4. Rounding with Negative Decimals
SELECT ROUND(12345.6789, -2);
This rounds `12345.6789` to the nearest hundred, resulting in `12300`.
Tips and Best Practices
- Specify decimal places carefully. Always specify the number of decimal places to avoid unintended rounding.
- Consider data type limitations. Be aware of how `ROUND()` interacts with different MySQL data types (e.g., `FLOAT`, `DOUBLE`, `DECIMAL`) to prevent precision loss.
- Use in data formatting. Utilize `ROUND()` for data presentation where consistent precision is necessary.
- Combine with other functions. Combine `ROUND()` with aggregate functions like `SUM()` or `AVG()` to ensure precise result formatting, for example:
SELECT ROUND(AVG(salary), 2) FROM employees;