MLOps Concepts
Beginner
2 hr
2.6K
17 Top MLOps Tools You Need to Know
Discover top MLOps tools for experiment tracking, model metadata management, workflow orchestration, data and pipeline versioning, model deployment and serving, and model monitoring in production.
Dec 2022 · 13 min read
As we explore in our article on Getting Started with MLOps, MLOps is built on the fundamentals of DevOps, the software development strategy to efficiently write, deploy, and run enterprise applications.
It is an approach to managing machine learning projects at scale. MLOps enhance the collaboration between development, operational, and data science teams. As a result, you get faster model deployment, optimized team productivity, reduction in risk and cost, and continuous model monitoring in production.
Learn why MLOps is important and what problems it aims to solve by reading our blog on The Past, Present, and Future of MLOps.
In this post, we are going to learn about the best MLOps tools for model development, deployment, and monitoring to standardize, simplify, and streamline the machine learning ecosystem.
Experiment Tracking and Model Metadata Management Tools
These tools allow you to manage model metadata and help with experiment tracking:
1. MLFlow
MLflow is an open-source tool that helps you manage core parts of the machine learning lifecycle. It is generally used for experiment tracking, but you can also use it for reproducibility, deployment, and model registry. You can manage the machine learning experiments and model metadata by using CLI, Python, R, Java, and REST API.
MLflow has four core functions:
- MLflow Tracking: storing and accessing code, data, configuration, and results.
- MLflow Projects: package data science source for reproducibility.
- MLflow Models: deploying and managing machine learning models to various serving environments.
- MLflow Model Registry: a central model store that provides versioning, stage transitions, annotations, and managing machine learning models.
Image by Author
2. Comet ML
Comet ML is a platform for tracking, comparing, explaining, and optimizing machine learning models and experiments. You can use it with any machine learning library, such as Scikit-learn, Pytorch, TensorFlow, and HuggingFace.
Comet ML is for individuals, teams, enterprises, and academics. It allows anyone to easily visualize and compare the experiments. Furthermore, it enables you to visualize samples from images, audio, text, and tabular data.
Image from Comet ML
3. Weights & Biases
Weights & Biases is an ML platform for experiment tracking, data and model versioning, hyperparameter optimization, and model management. Furthermore, you can use it to log artifacts (datasets, models, dependencies, pipelines, and results) and visualize the datasets (audio, visual, text, and tabular).
Weights & Biases has a user-friendly central dashboard for machine learning experiments. Like Comet ML, you can integrate it with other machine learning libraries, such as Fastai, Keras, PyTorch, Hugging face, Yolov5, Spacy, and many more.
Gif from Weights & Biases
Note: you can also use TensorBoard, Pachyderm, DagsHub, and DVC Studio for experiment tracking and ML metadata management.
Orchestration and Workflow Pipelines MLOps Tools
These tools help you create data science projects and manage machine learning workflows:
4. Prefect
The Prefect is a modern data stack for monitoring, coordinating, and orchestrating workflows between and across applications. It is an open-source, lightweight tool built for end-to-end machine-learning pipelines.
You can either use Prefect Orion UI or Prefect Cloud for the databases.
Prefect Orion UI is an open-source, locally hosted orchestration engine and API server. It provides you insights into the local Prefect Orion instance and the workflows.
Prefect Cloud is a hosted service for you to visualize flows, flow runs, and deployments. Furthermore, you can manage accounts, workspace, and team collaboration.
Image from Prefect
5. Metaflow
Metaflow is a powerful, battle-hardened workflow management tool for data science and machine learning projects. It was built for data scientists so they can focus on building models instead of worrying about MLOps engineering.
With Metaflow, you can design workflow, run it on the scale, and deploy the model in production. It tracks and version machine learning experiments and data automatically. Furthermore, you can visualize the results in the notebook.
Metaflow works with multiple clouds (including AWS, GCP, and Azure) and various machine-learning Python packages (like Scikit-learn and Tensorflow), and the API is available for R language too.
Image from Metaflow
6. Kedro
Kedro is a workflow orchestration tool based on Python. You can use it for creating reproducible, maintainable, and modular data science projects. It integrates the concepts from software engineering into machine learning, such as modularity, separation of concerns, and versioning.
With Kedro, you can:
- Set up dependencies and configuration.
- Set up data.
- Create, visualize, and run the pipelines.
- Logging and experiment tracking.
- Deployment on a single or distributed machine.
- Create maintainable data science code.
- Create modular, reusable code.
- Collaborate with teammates on projects.
Gif from Kedro
Note: you can also use Kubeflow and DVC for orchestration and Workflow pipelines.
Data and Pipeline Versioning Tools
With these MLOps tools, you can manage tasks around data and pipeline versioning:
7. Pachyderm
Pachyderm automates data transformation with data versioning, lineage, and end-to-end pipelines on Kubernetes. You can integrate with any data (Images, logs, video, CSVs), any language (Python, R, SQL, C/C++), and at any scale (Petabytes of data, thousands of jobs).
The community edition is open-source and for a small team. Organizations and teams who want advanced features can opt for the Enterprise edition.
Just like Git, you can version your data using a similar syntax. In Pachyderm, the highest level of the object is Repository, and you can use Commit, Branches, File, History, and Provenance to track and version the dataset.
Image from Pachyderm
8. Data Version Control (DVC)
Data Version Control is an open-source and popular tool for machine learning projects. It works seamlessly with Git to provide you with code, data, model, metadata, and pipeline versioning.
DVC is more than just a data tracking and versioning tool.
You can use it for:
- Experiment tracking (model metrics, parameters, versioning).
- Create, visualize, and run machine learning pipelines.
- Workflow for deployment and collaboration.
- Reproducibility.
- Data and model registry.
- Continuous integration and deployment for machine learning using CML.
Image from DVC
Note: DagsHub can also be used for data and pipeline versioning.
Model Deployment and Serving Tools
When it comes to deploying models, these MLOps tools can be hugely helpfu:
9. TensorFlow Extended (TFX) Serving
TensorFlow Extended (TFX) Serving helps you deploy a trained model as an endpoint. With TFX, you can now experiment, train, deploy, and maintain machine learning models. It allows you to create a REST API by using TFX CLI.
TensorFlow Serving is robust, flexible, and scalable, and it comes with a load balancer to manage a large number of requests. You can server the predictions with Docker and Kubernetes or build a model server with unique configurations.
TensorFlow Serving maintains hardware efficiency by initiating batch requests. Furthermore, it offers model versioning and management. On the downside, it only works with Tensorflow models.
import tempfile
MODEL_DIR = tempfile.gettempdir()
version = 1
export_path = os.path.join(MODEL_DIR, str(version))
print('export_path = {}\n'.format(export_path))
tf.keras.models.save_model(
model,
export_path,
overwrite=True,
include_optimizer=True,
save_format=None,
signatures=None,
options=None
)
os.environ["MODEL_DIR"] = MODEL_DIRnohup tensorflow_model_server \
--rest_api_port=8501 \
--model_name=fashion_model \
--model_base_path="${MODEL_DIR}" >server.log 2>&110. BentoML
BentoML makes it easy and faster to ship machine learning applications. It is a Python-first tool for deploying and maintaining APIs in production. It scales with powerful optimizations by running parallel inference and adaptive batching and provides hardware acceleration.
BentoML’s interactive centralized dashboard makes it easy to organize and monitor when deploying machine learning models. The best part is that it works with all kinds of machine learning frameworks, such as Keras, ONNX, LightGBM, Pytorch, and Scikit-learn. In short, BentoML provides a complete solution for model deployment, serving, and monitoring.
Image from BentoML
11. Cortex
Cortex lets you deploy, manage, and scale machine learning models in production. It is an open-source, flexible, and multi-framework tool for model serving and monitoring.
Cortex expands to Docker, Kubernetes, TensorFlow Serving, TorchServe, and other ML libraries. It manages loads by providing scalable endpoints. Furthermore, you can deploy multiple models on a single API endpoint, and it supports auto-scaling features for securing APIs. It's an MLOps tool that grants you full control over model management operations.
create or update apis
Usage:
cortex deploy [CONFIG_FILE] [flags]
Flags:
-e, --env string environment to use
-f, --force override the in-progress api update
-y, --yes skip prompts
-o, --output string output format: one of pretty|json (default "pretty")
-h, --help help for deployNote: you can also use MLflow, Kubeflow, and AWS sagemaker for model deployment and serving.
Model Monitoring in Production ML Ops Tools
Whether your ML model is in development, validation, or deployed to production, these tools can help you monitor a range of factors:
12. Evidently
Evidently AI is an open-source Python library for monitoring ML models during development, validation, and in production. It checks data and model quality, data drift, target drift, and regression and classification performance.
Evidently has three main components:
- Tests (batch model checks): for performing structured data and model quality checks.
- Reports (interactive dashboards): interactive data drift, model performance, and target virtualization.
- Monitors (real-time monitoring): monitors data and model metrics from deployed ML service.
Image from Evidently
13. Fiddler
Fiddler AI is an ML model monitoring tool with an easy-to-use, clear UI. It lets you explain and debug predictions, analyze mode behavior for the entire dataset, deploy machine learning models at scale, and monitor model performance.
Let’s look at the main Fiddler AI features for ML monitoring:
- Performance monitoring: in-depth visualization of data drifting, when it’s drifting, and how it’s drifting.
- Data integrity: avoid feeding incorrect data for model training.
- Tracking outliers: shows univariate and multivariate outliers.
- Service metrics: shows basic insights into the ML service operations.
- Alerts: set up alerts for a model or group of models to warn of the issues in production.
Image from Fiddler
14. Censius AI
Censius is an end-to-end AI observability platform that offers automatic monitoring and proactive troubleshooting. It lets you monitor the entire ML pipeline, explain predictions, and fix issues. You can set up Censius using Python or Java SDK or REST API and deploy it on-premises or on the cloud.
Key features:
- Monitor performance degradation, data drifts, and data quality.
- Real-time notification, alerting about future issues.
- Customizable dashboards for data, models, and business metrics.
- Native support for A/B test frameworks.
- Data explainability for tabular, image, and textual datasets.
Image from Censius
Note: Amazon Sagemaker also provides model monitoring in production.
Also, read Machine Learning, Pipelines, Deployment, and MLOps Tutorial to learn how multiple MLOps tools are integrated into machine learning applications with code examples.
End-to-End MLOps Platforms
If you’re looking for a comprehensive MLOps tool that can help during the entire process, here are some of the best:
15. AWS SageMaker
Amazon Web Services SageMaker is a one-stop solution for MLOps. You can train and accelerate model development, track and version experiments, catalog ML artifacts, integrate CI/CD ML pipelines, and deploy, serve, and monitor models in production seamlessly.
Key features:
- A collaborative environment for data science teams.
- Automate ML training workflows.
- Deploy and manage models in production.
- Track and maintain model versions.
- CI/CD for automatic integration and deployment.
- Continuous monitoring and retaining models to maintain quality.
- Optimize the cost and performance.
Image from Amazon SageMaker
16. DagsHub
DagsHub is a platform made for the machine learning community to track and version the data, models, experiments, ML pipelines, and code. It allows your team to build, review, and share machine-learning projects.
Simply put, it is a GitHub for machine learning, and you get various tools to optimize the end-to-end machine learning process.
Key features:
- Git and DVC repository for your ML projects.
- DagsHub logger and MLflow instance for experiment tracking.
- Dataset annotation using label studio instance.
- Diffing the Jupyter notebooks, code, datasets, and images.
- Ability to comment on the file, the line of the code, or the dataset.
- Create a report for the project just like GitHub wiki.
- ML pipeline visualization.
- Reproducible results.
- Running CI/CD for model training and deployment.
- Data Merging.
- Provide integration with GitHub, Google Colab, DVC, Jenkins, external storage, webhooks, and New Relic.
Image by Author
17. Kubeflow
Kubeflow makes machine learning model deployment on Kubernetes simple, portable, and scalable. You can use it for data preparation, model training, model optimization, prediction serving, and motor the model performance in production. You can deploy machine learning workflow locally, on-premises, or to the cloud. In short, it is making Kubernetes easy for data science teams.
Key features:
- Centralized dashboard with interactive UI.
- Machine learning pipelines for reproducibility and streamlining.
- Provides native support for JupyterLab, RStudio, and Visual Studio Code.
- Hyperparameter tuning and neural architecture search.
- Training jobs for Tensorflow, Pytorch, PaddlePaddle, MXNet, and XGboost.
- Job scheduling.
- Provide administrators with multi-user isolation.
- Works with all of the major cloud providers.
Image from Kubeflow
Conclusion
We’re at a time when there is a boom in the MLOps industry. Every week you see new development, new startups, and new tools launching to solve the basic problem of converting notebooks into production-ready applications. Even existing tools are expanding the horizon and integrating new features to become super MLOps tools.
In this blog, we have learned about the best MLOps tools for various steps of the MLOps process. These tools will help you during the experimentation, development, deployment, and monitoring stage.
If you are new to machine learning and want to master the essential skills to land a job as a machine learning scientist, try taking our Machine Learning Scientist with Python career track.
If you are a professional and want to learn more about standard MLOps Practices, read our article on the MLOps Best Practices and How to Apply Them.
What are MLOps Tools?
What skills are needed for an MLOps Engineer?
Which cloud is best for MLOps?
Is MLOps easy to learn?
Is Kubeflow better than MLflow?
How is MLOps different from DevOps?
Topics
MLOps Course
See More
RelatedSee MoreSee More
What is TinyML? An Introduction to Tiny Machine Learning
Learn about TinyML, its applications and benefits, and how you can get started with this emerging field of machine learning.
Kurtis Pykes
8 min
What is Machine Learning Inference? An Introduction to Inference Approaches
Learn how machine learning inference works, how it differentiates from traditional machine learning training, and discover the approaches, benefits, challenges, and applications.
Zoumana Keita
10 min
Introduction to Unsupervised Learning
Learn about unsupervised learning, its types—clustering, association rule mining, and dimensionality reduction—and how it differs from supervised learning.
Kurtis Pykes
9 min
Building Great Machine Learning Products at Opendoor
Discover principles for great ML product design, data collection and packaging outputs into slick user design.
Adel Nehme
39 min
Supervised Machine Learning Cheat Sheet
In this cheat sheet, you'll have a guide around the top supervised machine learning algorithms, their advantages and disadvantages, and use-cases.
Richie Cotton
5 min
Understanding Data Drift and Model Drift: Drift Detection in Python
Navigate the perils of model drift and explore our practical guide to data drift monitoring.
Moez Ali
9 min