Manipulating Time Series Data with xts and zoo in R

xts and zoo are just two of the many different types of objects that exist in R. This chapter will introduce the basic objects in xts and zoo and their components, and offers examples of how to construct and examine the data.

Now that you can create basic xts objects, it's time to see how powerful they can be. This chapter will cover the basics of one of the most useful features of xts: time based subsetting. From there you'll explore additional ways to extract data using time phrases, and conclude with how to do basic operations like adding and subtracting your xts objects.

One of the most important parts of working with time series data involves creating derived time series. To do this effectively, it is critical to keep track of dates and times. In this chapter you will look at how xts handles merging new columns and rows into existing data, how to deal with the inevitable missing observations in time series, and how to shift your series in time.

Now the fun begins! A very common usage pattern for time series is to calculate values for disjoint periods of time or aggregate values from a higher frequency to a lower frequency. For most series, you'll often want to see the weekly mean of a price or measurement. You may even find yourself looking at data that has different frequencies and you need to normalize to the lowest frequency. This chapter is where it all happens. Hang tight, and lets get going!

Now that you are comfortable with most of the core features, its time to explore some of the lesser known (but powerful!) aspects of working with xts. In this final chapter you will use the internals of the index to find repeating itervals, see how xts provides intuitive time zone support, and experiment with ways to explore your data by time - including identifying frequency and coverage in time. Let's finish this course!